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Kevin E Martin
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Fonts in X11R6.7
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Fonts in X11R6.8
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Juliusz Chroboczek, <jch@pps.jussieu.fr>
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@ -6,10 +6,9 @@
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1. Introduction
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This document describes the support for fonts in X11R6.7. Installing fonts
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This document describes the support for fonts in X11R6.8. Installing fonts
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(section 2., page 1) is aimed at the casual user wishing to install fonts in
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X11R6.7 or XFree86; the rest of the document describes the font support in
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more detail.
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X11R6.8 the rest of the document describes the font support in more detail.
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We assume some familiarity with digital fonts. If anything is not clear to
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you, please consult Appendix: Background (section 5., page 1) at the end of
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@ -19,7 +18,7 @@ this document for background information.
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X includes two font systems: the original core X11 fonts system, which is
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present in all implementations of X11, and the Xft fonts system, which may
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not be distributed with implementations of X11 that are not based on X116.7.0
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not be distributed with implementations of X11 that are not based on X11R6.8
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but will hopefully be included by them in the future
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The core X11 fonts system is directly derived from the fonts system included
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@ -49,13 +48,13 @@ access newly-installed fonts.
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Xft has no configuration mechanism itself, rather it relies upon the fontcon-
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fig library to configure and customize fonts. That library is not specific
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to X11R6.7.0 or indeed on any particular font output mechanism. This discus-
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to X11R6.8 or indeed on any particular font output mechanism. This discus-
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sion describes how fontconfig, rather than Xft, works.
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2.1.1 Installing fonts in Xft
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Fontconfig looks for fonts in a set of well-known directories that include
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all of X11R6.7's standard font directories (`/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/lib/fonts/*')
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all of X11R6.8's standard font directories (`/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/lib/fonts/*')
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by default) as well as a directory called `.fonts/' in the user's home direc-
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tory. Installing a font for use by Xft applications is as simple as copying
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a font file into one of these directories.
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@ -115,9 +114,9 @@ Anti-aliasing can be disabled for all fonts by the following incantation:
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</edit>
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</match>
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Xft supports sub-pixel rasterisation on LCD displays. X11R67 should automat-
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ically enable this feature on laptops and when using an LCD monitor connected
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with a DVI cable; you can check whether this was done by typing
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Xft supports sub-pixel rasterisation on LCD displays. X11R6.8 should auto-
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matically enable this feature on laptops and when using an LCD monitor con-
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nected with a DVI cable; you can check whether this was done by typing
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$ xdpyinfo -ext RENDER | grep sub-pixel
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@ -186,8 +185,8 @@ of this new directory by including it in the font path.
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2.2.1 Installing bitmap fonts
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The X11R6.7 server can use bitmap fonts in both the cross-platform BDF format
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and the somewhat more efficient binary PCF format. (X11R6.7 also supports
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The X11R6.8 server can use bitmap fonts in both the cross-platform BDF format
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and the somewhat more efficient binary PCF format. (X11R6.8 also supports
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the obsolete SNF format.)
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Bitmap fonts are normally distributed in the BDF format. Before installing
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@ -216,7 +215,7 @@ directory; see Setting the server font path (section 2.2.4, page 1) below.
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2.2.2 Installing scalable fonts
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The X11R6.7 server supports scalable fonts in four formats: Type 1, Speedo,
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The X11R6.8 server supports scalable fonts in four formats: Type 1, Speedo,
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TrueType and CIDFont. This section only applies to the former three; for
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information on CIDFonts, please see Installing CIDFonts (section 2.2.3, page
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1) later in this document.
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@ -252,7 +251,7 @@ CMap `UniKS-UCS2-H' is called
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Munhwa-Regular--UniKS-UCS2-H
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The CIDFont code in X11R6.7 requires a very rigid directory structure. The
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The CIDFont code in X11R6.8 requires a very rigid directory structure. The
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main directory must be called `CID' (its location defaults to
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`/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/CID' but it may be located anywhere), and it should
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contain a subdirectory for every CID collection. Every subdirectory must
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@ -311,7 +310,7 @@ For best results, scalable fonts should appear in the font path before the
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bitmap fonts; this way, the server will prefer bitmap fonts to scalable fonts
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when an exact match is possible, but will avoid scaling bitmap fonts when a
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scalable font can be used. (The `:unscaled' hack, while still supported,
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should no longer be necessary in X11R6.7.0.)
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should no longer be necessary in X11R6.8.)
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You may check the font path of the running server by typing the command
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@ -354,11 +353,11 @@ mounted font directories). If this doesn't help, it is quite possible that
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you are trying to use a font in a format that is not supported by your
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server.
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X11R6.7 supports the BDF, PCF, SNF, Type 1, Speedo, TrueType, OpenType and
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CIDFont font formats. However, not all X11R6.7 or XFree86 servers come with
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all the font backends configured in.
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X11R6.8 supports the BDF, PCF, SNF, Type 1, Speedo, TrueType, OpenType and
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CIDFont font formats. However, not all X11R6.8 servers come with all the
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font backends configured in.
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On most platforms, the X11R6.7 servers are modular: the font backends are
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On most platforms, the X11R6.8 servers are modular: the font backends are
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included in modules that are loaded at runtime. The modules to be loaded are
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specified in the `xorg.conf' file using the `Load' directive:
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@ -366,7 +365,7 @@ specified in the `xorg.conf' file using the `Load' directive:
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If you have trouble installing fonts in a specific format, you may want to
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check the server's log file in order to see whether the relevant modules are
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properly loaded. The list of font modules distributed with X11R6.7 is as
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properly loaded. The list of font modules distributed with X11R6.8 is as
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follows:
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o "bitmap": bitmap fonts (`*.bdf', `*.pcf' and `*.snf');
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@ -383,7 +382,7 @@ follows:
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Please note that the argument of the `Load' directive is case-sensitive.
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3. Fonts included with X11R6.7
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3. Fonts included with X11R6.8
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3.1 Standard bitmap fonts
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@ -392,7 +391,7 @@ fonts, including the `fixed' family, and bitmap versions of Courier, Times,
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Helvetica and some members of the Lucida family. In the SI, these fonts are
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provided in the ISO 8859-1 encoding (ISO Latin Western-European).
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In X11R6.7, a number of these fonts are provided in Unicode-encoded font
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In X11R6.8, a number of these fonts are provided in Unicode-encoded font
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files instead. At build time, these fonts are split into font files encoded
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according to legacy encodings, a process which allows us to provide the stan-
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dard fonts in a number of regional encodings with no duplication of work.
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@ -470,7 +469,7 @@ for improved presentation of text.
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3.3 Standard scalable fonts
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X11R6.7 includes all the scalable fonts distributed with X11R6.
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X11R6.8 includes all the scalable fonts distributed with X11R6.
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3.3.1 Standard Type 1 fonts
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@ -492,7 +491,7 @@ and reside in the font files
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/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/Type1/UT*.pfa
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Finally, X11R6.7 also comes with Type 1 versions of Bitstream Courier and
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Finally, X11R6.8 also comes with Type 1 versions of Bitstream Courier and
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Charter. These fonts have XLFD
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-bitstream-courier-*-*-normal--0-0-0-0-m-0-iso8859-1
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@ -504,7 +503,7 @@ and reside in the font files
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3.3.2 Standard Speedo fonts
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X11R6.7 includes Speedo versions of the Bitstream Courier and Charter fonts.
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X11R6.8 includes Speedo versions of the Bitstream Courier and Charter fonts.
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In order to use these fonts, you should ensure that your X server is loading
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the `Speedo' font backend; see Troubleshooting (section 2.2.5, page 1).
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@ -520,7 +519,7 @@ and reside in the font files
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3.4 The Bigelow & Holmes Luxi family
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X11R6.7 includes the Luxi family of scalable fonts, in both TrueType and
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X11R6.8 includes the Luxi family of scalable fonts, in both TrueType and
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Type 1 format. This family consists of the fonts Luxi Serif, with XLFD
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-b&h-luxi serif-medium-*-normal--*-*-*-*-p-*-*-*
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@ -566,11 +565,11 @@ For more information, please contact <design@bigelowandholmes.com> or
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An earlier version of the Luxi fonts was made available under the name
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Lucidux. This name should no longer be used due to trademark uncertainties,
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and all traces of the Lucidux name have been removed from X11R6.7.
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and all traces of the Lucidux name have been removed from X11R6.8.
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4. More about core fonts
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This section describes X11R6.7-specific enhancements to the core X11 fonts
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This section describes X11R6.8-specific enhancements to the core X11 fonts
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system.
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4.1 Core fonts and internationalisation
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@ -593,11 +592,8 @@ backend) use a common fontenc layer for font re-encoding. This allows these
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backends to share their encoding data, and allows simple configuration of new
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locales independently of font type.
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Please note: the X-TrueType (X-TT) backend does not use the fontenc layer,
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but instead uses its own method for font reencoding. If you are only inter-
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ested in X-TT you may want to skip to Using Symbol Fonts (section 4.1.5, page
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1), as the intervening information does not apply to X-TT. X-TT itself is
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described in more detail in X-TrueType (section 4.2.2, page 1).
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Please note: the X-TrueType (X-TT) backend is not included in X11R6.8. That
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functionality has been merged into the FreeType backend.>
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In the fontenc layer, an encoding is defined by a name (such as iso8859-1),
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possibly a number of aliases (alternate names), and an ordered collection of
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@ -656,7 +652,7 @@ option followed by the name of a directory containing encoding files, can be
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used to automatically build `encodings.dir' files. Please see the mkfont-
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dir(1) manual page for more details.
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A number of encoding files for common encodings are included with X11R6.7.
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A number of encoding files for common encodings are included with X11R6.8.
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Information on writing new encoding files can be found in Format of encodings
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directory files (section 4.1.3, page 1) and Format of encoding files (section
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4.1.4, page 1) later in this document.
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@ -976,8 +972,8 @@ options are indispensable in CJKV. For example,
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bw=0.5:ds=y:ai=0.2:mincho.ttc -misc-mincho-bold-i-normal--0-0-0-0-c-0-jisx0201.1976-0
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setup the complete combination of jisx0208 and jisx0201 using mincho.ttc
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only. More information on the TTCap syntax is found on the After X-TT
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Project page <URL:http://x-tt.sourceforge.jp/>.
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only. More information on the TTCap syntax is found on the After X-TT Pro-
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ject page <URL:http://x-tt.sourceforge.jp/>.
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The FreeType backend uses the fontenc layer in order to support recoding of
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fonts; this was described in The fontenc layer (section 4.1.1, page 1) and
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@ -992,7 +988,7 @@ ings, but instead uses its own database of encodings.
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Since the functionalities for CJKV support introduced by X-TT have been
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merged into the new FreeType backend, the X-TT backend will be removed from
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X11R6.7's tree near the future. Therefore, the use of FreeType backend is
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X11R6.8's tree near the future. Therefore, the use of FreeType backend is
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preferred over the X-TT backend.
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General information on X-TrueType may be found at the After X-TT Project page
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5.3 Unicode
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Unicode (<URL:http://www.unicode.org>) is a coded character set with the goal
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of uniquely identifying all characters for all scripts, current and histori-
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cal. While Unicode was explicitly not designed as a glyph encoding scheme,
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it is often possible to use it as such.
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Unicode (urlnam <URL:http://www.unicode.org>) is a coded character set with
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the goal of uniquely identifying all characters for all scripts, current and
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historical. While Unicode was explicitly not designed as a glyph encoding
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scheme, it is often possible to use it as such.
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Unicode is an open character set, meaning that codepoint assignments may be
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added to Unicode at any time (once specified, though, an assignment can never
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6. References
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X11R6.7 comes with extensive documentation in the form of manual pages and
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X11R6.8 comes with extensive documentation in the form of manual pages and
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typeset documents. Before installing fonts, you really should read the font-
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config(3) and mkfontdir(1) manual pages; other manual pages of interest
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include X(7), Xserver(1), xset(1), Xft(3), xlsfonts(1) and showfont(1). In
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addition, you may want to read the X Logical Font Description document, by
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Jim Flowers, which is provided in the file `xc/doc/xlfd.PS.Z'.
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The latest released version of the X11R6.7 documentation (including this doc-
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ument and all manual pages) can be found from current X11R6.7 documentation
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The latest released version of the X11R6.8 documentation (including this doc-
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ument and all manual pages) can be found from current X11R6.8 documentation
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<URL:http://wiki.x.org/>.
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The comp.fonts FAQ <URL:http://www.netmeg.net/faq/computers/fonts/>, which is
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world, often provide interesting information about character set issues; see
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for example RFC 373.
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Generated from Id: fonts.sgml,v 1.1.4.3.2.2 eich Exp $
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$XdotOrg$
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