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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.3//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.3/docbookx.dtd" [
<!ENTITY % xorg-defs SYSTEM "defs.ent"> %xorg-defs;
<!ENTITY % defs SYSTEM "/xserver/doc/xml/xserver.ent"> %defs;
<!-- config file keyword markup -->
<!-- specific config file keywords -->
<!ENTITY k.device "<emphasis>Device</emphasis>">
<!ENTITY k.monitor "<emphasis>Monitor</emphasis>">
<!ENTITY k.display "<emphasis>Display</emphasis>">
<!ENTITY k.inputdevice "<emphasis>InputDevice</emphasis>">
<!ENTITY k.screen "<emphasis>Screen</emphasis>">
<!ENTITY k.serverlayout "<emphasis>ServerLayout</emphasis>">
<!ENTITY k.driver "<emphasis>Driver</emphasis>">
<!ENTITY k.module "<emphasis>Module</emphasis>">
<!ENTITY k.identifier "<emphasis>Identifier</emphasis>">
<!ENTITY k.serverflags "<emphasis>ServerFlags</emphasis>">
] >
<article id="ddxDesign">
<articleinfo>
<title>XFree86 DDX Design</title>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>The XFree86 Project</corpauthor>
<corpauthor>The X.Org Foundation</corpauthor>
<othercredit>
<firstname>Jim</firstname><surname>Gettys</surname>
<contrib>Updates for X11R6.7</contrib>
</othercredit>
</authorgroup>
<pubdate>&xserver.reldate;</pubdate>
<releaseinfo>X Version 11, Release &fullrelvers;</releaseinfo>
<releaseinfo>X Server Version &xserver.version;</releaseinfo>
</articleinfo>
<note><para>
This document describes software undergoing continual evolution, and
the interfaces described here are subject to change without notice.
This document is intended to cover the interfaces as found in the
xorg-server-&xserver.version; release, but is probably not completely
in sync with the code base.
</para></note>
<sect1>
<title>Preface</title>
<para>
This document was originally the design spec for the DDX layer of the
XFree86 4.0 X server. The X.Org Foundation adopted the XFree86 4.4rc2
version of that server as the basis of the Xorg server project, and has
evolved the XFree86 DDX layer greatly since forking. This document thus
covers only the current implementation of the XFree86 DDX as found in the
Xorg server &xserver.version; release, and no longer matches the XFree86
server itself.
</para>
<para>
The XFree86 Project's broad design principles for XFree86 4.0 were:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>keep it reasonable
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>We cannot rewrite the complete server
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>We don't want to re-invent the wheel
</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist></para></listitem>
<listitem><para>keep it modular
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>As many things as possible should go into modules
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>The basic loader binary should be minimal
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>A clean design with well defined layering is
important</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>DDX specific global variables are a nono
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>The structure should be flexible enough to allow
future extensions</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>The structure should minimize duplication of
common code</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist></para></listitem>
<listitem><para>keep important features in mind
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>multiple screens, including multiple instances
of drivers</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>mixing different color depths and visuals on
different and ideally even on the same screen
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>better control of the PCI device used
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>better config file parser</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>get rid of all VGA compatibility assumptions
</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist></para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
<para>
While the XFree86 project had a goal of avoiding changes to the DIX
layer unless they found major deficiencies there, to avoid divergence from
the X.Org sample implementation they were integrating changes from, the
X.Org developers now maintain both sides, and make changes where they are
most appropriate. This document concentrates on the XFree86 DDX layer used
in the Xorg server itself (the code found in <filename>hw/xfree86</filename>
in the source tree), and developers will also want to refer to the
<filename>Xserver-spec</filename> documentation that covers the DIX layer
routines common to all the X servers in the sample implementation.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1>
<title>The xorg.conf File</title>
<para>
The xorg.conf file format is based on the XF86Config format from XFree86 4.4,
which is in turn similar to the old XFree86 3.x XF86Config format, with the
following changes:
</para>
<sect2>
<title>&k.device; section</title>
<para>
The &k.device; sections are similar to what they used to be, and
describe hardware-specific information for a single video card.
&k.device;
Some new keywords are added:
<variablelist>
<varlistentry><term>Driver "drivername"</term>
<listitem><para>
Specifies the name of the driver to be used for the card. This
is mandatory.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term>BusID "busslot"</term>
<listitem><para>
Specifies uniquely the location of the card on the bus. The
purpose is to identify particular cards in a multi-headed
configuration. The format of the argument is intentionally
vague, and may be architecture dependent. For a PCI bus, it
is something like "bus@domain:slot:func". The "@domain" part
can be left out for domain 0.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
<para>
A &k.device; section is considered <quote>active</quote> if there is a reference
to it in an active &k.screen; section.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>&k.screen; section</title>
<para>
The &k.screen; sections are similar to what they used to be. They
no longer have a &k.driver; keyword, but an &k.identifier; keyword
is added. (The &k.driver; keyword may be accepted in place of the
&k.identifier; keyword for compatibility purposes.) The identifier
can be used to identify which screen is to be active when multiple
&k.screen; sections are present. It is possible to specify the active
screen from the command line. A default is chosen in the absence
of one being specified. A &k.screen; section is considered <quote>active</quote>
if there is a reference to it either from the command line, or from
an active &k.serverlayout; section.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>&k.inputdevice; section</title>
<para>
The &k.inputdevice; section is a new section that describes
configuration information for input devices. It replaces the old
<emphasis>Keyboard</emphasis>, <emphasis>Pointer</emphasis> and <emphasis>XInput</emphasis>
sections. Like the &k.device; section, it has two mandatory keywords:
&k.identifier; and &k.driver;. For compatibility purposes the old
<emphasis>Keyboard</emphasis> and <emphasis>Pointer</emphasis> sections are
converted by the parser into &k.inputdevice; sections as follows:
<variablelist>
<varlistentry><term><emphasis>Keyboard</emphasis></term>
<listitem><literallayout>
&k.identifier; "Implicit Core Keyboard"
&k.driver; "kbd"
</literallayout></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term><emphasis>Pointer</emphasis></term>
<listitem><literallayout>
&k.identifier; "Implicit Core Pointer"
&k.driver; "mouse"
</literallayout></listitem></varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
<para>
An &k.inputdevice; section is considered active if there is a
reference to it in an active &k.serverlayout; section. An
&k.inputdevice; section may also be referenced implicitly if there
is no &k.serverlayout; section, if the <option>-screen</option> command
line options is used, or if the &k.serverlayout; section doesn't
reference any &k.inputdevice; sections. In this case, the first
sections with drivers "kbd" and "mouse" are used as the core
keyboard and pointer respectively.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>&k.serverlayout; section</title>
<para>
The &k.serverlayout; section is a new section that is used to identify
which &k.screen; sections are to be used in a multi-headed configuration,
and the relative layout of those screens. It also identifies which
&k.inputdevice; sections are to be used. Each &k.serverlayout; section
has an identifier, a list of &k.screen; section identifiers, and a list of
&k.inputdevice; section identifiers. &k.serverflags; options may also be
included in a &k.serverlayout; section, making it possible to override
the global values in the &k.serverflags; section.
</para>
<para>
A &k.serverlayout; section can be made active by being referenced on
the command line. In the absence of this, a default will be chosen
(the first one found). The screen names may optionally be followed
by a number specifying the preferred screen number, and optionally
by information specifying the physical positioning of the screen,
either in absolute terms or relative to another screen (or screens).
When no screen number is specified, they are numbered according to
the order in which they are listed. The old (now obsolete) method
of providing the positioning information is to give the names of
the four adjacent screens. The order of these is top, bottom, left,
right. Here is an example of a &k.serverlayout; section for two
screens using the old method, with the second located to the right
of the first:
<programlisting>
Section "ServerLayout"
Identifier "Main Layout"
Screen 0 "Screen 1" "" "" "" "Screen 2"
Screen 1 "Screen 2"
Screen "Screen 3"
EndSection
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
The preferred way of specifying the layout is to explicitly specify
the screen's location in absolute terms or relative to another
screen.
</para>
<para>
In the absolute case, the upper left corner's coordinates are given
after the <emphasis>Absolute</emphasis> keyword. If the coordinates are
omitted, a value of <code>(0,0)</code> is assumed. An example
of absolute positioning follows:
<programlisting>
Section "ServerLayout"
Identifier "Main Layout"
Screen 0 "Screen 1" Absolute 0 0
Screen 1 "Screen 2" Absolute 1024 0
Screen "Screen 3" Absolute 2048 0
EndSection
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
In the relative case, the position is specified by either using one of
the following keywords followed by the name of the reference screen:
<simplelist type='vert' columns='1'>
<member><emphasis>RightOf</emphasis></member>
<member><emphasis>LeftOf</emphasis></member>
<member><emphasis>Above</emphasis></member>
<member><emphasis>Below</emphasis></member>
<member><emphasis>Relative</emphasis></member>
</simplelist>
</para>
<para>
When the <emphasis>Relative</emphasis> keyword is used, the reference screen
name is followed by the coordinates of the new screen's origin
relative to reference screen. The following example shows how to use
some of the relative positioning options.
<programlisting>
Section "ServerLayout"
Identifier "Main Layout"
Screen 0 "Screen 1"
Screen 1 "Screen 2" RightOf "Screen 1"
Screen "Screen 3" Relative "Screen 1" 2048 0
EndSection
</programlisting>
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Options</title>
<para>
Options are used more extensively. They may appear in most sections
now. Options related to drivers can be present in the &k.screen;,
&k.device; and &k.monitor; sections and the &k.display; subsections.
The order of precedence is &k.display;, &k.screen;, &k.monitor;,
&k.device;. Options have been extended to allow an optional value
to be specified in addition to the option name. For more details
about options, see the <link linkend="options">Options</link> section
for details.
</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1>
<title>Driver Interface</title>
<para>
The driver interface consists of a minimal set of entry points that are
required based on the external events that the driver must react to.
No non-essential structure is imposed on the way they are used beyond
that. This is a significant difference compared with the old design.
</para>
<para>
The entry points for drawing operations are already taken care of by
the framebuffer code. Extensions and enhancements to framebuffer code
are outside the scope of this document.
</para>
<para>
This approach to the driver interface provides good flexibility, but does
increase the complexity of drivers. To help address this, the XFree86
common layer provides a set of <quote>helper</quote> functions to take care of things
that most drivers need. These helpers help minimise the amount of code
duplication between drivers. The use of helper functions by drivers is
however optional, though encouraged. The basic philosophy behind the
helper functions is that they should be useful to many drivers, that
they should balance this against the complexity of their interface. It
is inevitable that some drivers may find some helpers unsuitable and
need to provide their own code.
</para>
<para>
Events that a driver needs to react to are:
<variablelist>
<varlistentry><term>ScreenInit</term>
<listitem><para>
An initialisation function is called from the DIX layer for each
screen at the start of each server generation.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term>Enter VT</term>
<listitem><para>
The server takes control of the console.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term>Leave VT</term>
<listitem><para>
The server releases control of the console.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term>Mode Switch</term>
<listitem><para>
Change video mode.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term>ViewPort change</term>
<listitem><para>
Change the origin of the physical view port.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term>ScreenSaver state change</term>
<listitem><para>
Screen saver activation/deactivation.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term>CloseScreen</term>
<listitem><para>
A close screen function is called from the DIX layer for each screen
at the end of each server generation.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
<para>
In addition to these events, the following functions are required by
the XFree86 common layer:
<variablelist>
<varlistentry><term>Identify</term>
<listitem><para>
Print a driver identifying message.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term>Probe</term>
<listitem><para>
This is how a driver identifies if there is any hardware present that
it knows how to drive.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term>PreInit</term>
<listitem><para>
Process information from the xorg.conf file, determine the
full characteristics of the hardware, and determine if a valid
configuration is present.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
<para>
The VidMode extension also requires:
<variablelist>
<varlistentry><term>ValidMode</term>
<listitem><para>
Identify if a new mode is usable with the current configuration.
The PreInit function (and/or helpers it calls) may also make use
of the ValidMode function or something similar.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
<para>
Other extensions may require other entry points. The drivers will
inform the common layer of these in such cases.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1>
<title>Resource Access Control Introduction</title>
<para>
Graphics devices are accessed through ranges in I/O or memory space.
While most modern graphics devices allow relocation of such ranges many
of them still require the use of well established interfaces such as
VGA memory and IO ranges or 8514/A IO ranges. With modern buses (like
PCI) it is possible for multiple video devices to share access to these
resources. The RAC (Resource Access Control) subsystem provides a
mechanism for this.
</para>
<sect2>
<title>Terms and Definitions</title>
<sect3>
<title>Bus</title>
<para>
<quote>Bus</quote> is ambiguous as it is used for different things: it may refer
to physical incompatible extension connectors in a computer system.
The RAC system knows two such systems: The ISA bus and the PCI bus.
(On the software level EISA, MCA and VL buses are currently treated
like ISA buses). <quote>Bus</quote> may also refer to logically different
entities on a single bus system which are connected via bridges. A
PCI system may have several distinct PCI buses connecting each other
by PCI-PCI bridges or to the host CPU by HOST-PCI bridges.
</para>
<para>
Systems that host more than one bus system link these together using
bridges. Bridges are a concern to RAC as they might block or pass
specific resources. PCI-PCI bridges may be set up to pass VGA
resources to the secondary bus. PCI-ISA buses pass any resources not
decoded on the primary PCI bus to the ISA bus. This way VGA resources
(although exclusive on the ISA bus) can be shared by ISA and PCI
cards. Currently HOST-PCI bridges are not yet handled by RAC as they
require specific drivers.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Entity</title>
<para>
The smallest independently addressable unit on a system bus is
referred to as an entity. So far we know ISA and PCI entities. PCI
entities can be located on the PCI bus by an unique ID consisting of
the bus, card and function number.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Resource</title>
<para>
<quote>Resource</quote> refers to a range of memory or I/O addresses an entity
can decode.
</para>
<para>
If a device is capable of disabling this decoding the resource is
called shareable. For PCI devices a generic method is provided to
control resource decoding. Other devices will have to provide a
device specific function to control decoding.
</para>
<para>
If the entity is capable of decoding this range at a different
location this resource is considered relocatable.
</para>
<para>
Resources which start at a specific address and occupy a single
continuous range are called block resources.
</para>
<para>
Alternatively resource addresses can be decoded in a way that they
satisfy the conditions:
<programlisting>
address &amp; mask == base
</programlisting>
and
<programlisting>
base &amp; mask == base
</programlisting>
Resources addressed in such a way are called sparse resources.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Server States</title>
<para>
The resource access control system knows two server states: the
SETUP and the OPERATING state. The SETUP state is entered whenever
a mode change takes place or the server exits or does VT switching.
During this state all entity resources are under resource access
control. During OPERATING state only those entities are controlled
which actually have shared resources that conflict with others.
</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1>
<title>Control Flow in the Server and Mandatory Driver Functions</title>
<para>
At the start of each server generation, <function>main()</function>
(<filename>dix/main.c</filename>) calls the DDX function
<function>InitOutput()</function>. This is the first place that the DDX gets
control. <function>InitOutput()</function> is expected to fill in the global
<structname>screenInfo</structname> struct, and one
<structfield>screenInfo.screen[]</structfield> entry for each screen present.
Here is what <function>InitOutput()</function> does:
</para>
<sect2>
<title>Parse the xorg.conf file</title>
<para>
This is done at the start of the first server generation only.
</para>
<para>
The xorg.conf file is read in full, and the resulting information
stored in data structures. None of the parsed information is
processed at this point. The parser data structures are opaque to
the video drivers and to most of the common layer code.
</para>
<para>
The entire file is parsed first to remove any section ordering
requirements.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Initial processing of parsed information and command line options
</title>
<para>
This is done at the start of the first server generation only.
</para>
<para>
The initial processing is to determine paths like the
<emphasis>ModulePath</emphasis>, etc, and to determine which &k.serverlayout;,
&k.screen; and &k.device; sections are active.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Enable port I/O access</title>
<para>
Port I/O access is controlled from the XFree86 common layer, and is
<quote>all or nothing</quote>. It is enabled prior to calling driver probes, at
the start of subsequent server generations, and when VT switching
back to the Xserver. It is disabled at the end of server generations,
and when VT switching away from the Xserver.
</para>
<para>
The implementation details of this may vary on different platforms.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>General bus probe</title>
<para>
This is done at the start of the first server generation only.
</para>
<para>
In the case of ix86 machines, this will be a general PCI probe.
The full information obtained here will be available to the drivers.
This information persists for the life of the Xserver. In the PCI
case, the PCI information for all video cards found is available by
calling <function>xf86GetPciVideoInfo()</function>.
</para>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
pciVideoPtr *xf86GetPciVideoInfo(void);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
returns a pointer to a list of pointers to
<structname>pciVideoRec</structname> entries, of which there is one for
each detected PCI video card. The list is terminated with a
<constant>NULL</constant> pointer. If no PCI video cards were
detected, the return value is <constant>NULL</constant>.
</para></blockquote>
</para></blockquote>
<para>
After the bus probe, the resource broker is initialised.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Load initial set of modules</title>
<para>
This is done at the start of the first server generation only.
</para>
<para>
The next set of modules loaded are those specified explicitly in the
&k.module; section of the config file.
</para>
<para>
The final set of initial modules are the driver modules referenced
by the active &k.device; and &k.inputdevice; sections in the config
file. Each of these modules is loaded exactly once.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Register Video and Input Drivers</title>
<para>
This is done at the start of the first server generation only.
</para>
<para>
When a driver module is loaded, the loader calls its
<function>Setup</function> function. For video drivers, this function
calls <function>xf86AddDriver()</function> to register the driver's
<structname>DriverRec</structname>, which contains a small set of essential
details and driver entry points required during the early phase of
<function>InitOutput()</function>. <function>xf86AddDriver()</function>
adds it to the global <varname>xf86DriverList[]</varname> array.
</para>
<para>
The <structname>DriverRec</structname> contains the driver canonical name,
the <function>Identify()</function>,
<function>Probe()</function> and <function>AvailableOptions()</function>
function entry points as well as a pointer
to the driver's module (as returned from the loader when the driver
was loaded) and a reference count which keeps track of how many
screens are using the driver. The entry driver entry points are
those required prior to the driver allocating and filling in its
<structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname>.
</para>
<para>
For a static server, the <varname>xf86DriverList[]</varname> array is
initialised at build time, and the loading of modules is not done.
</para>
<para>
A similar procedure is used for input drivers. The input driver's
<function>Setup</function> function calls
<function>xf86AddInputDriver()</function> to register the driver's
<structname>InputDriverRec</structname>, which contains a small set of
essential details and driver entry points required during the early
phase of <function>InitInput()</function>.
<function>xf86AddInputDriver()</function> adds it to the global
<varname>xf86InputDriverList[]</varname> array. For a static server,
the <varname>xf86InputDriverList[]</varname> array is initialised at
build time.
</para>
<para>
Both the <varname>xf86DriverList[]</varname> and
<varname>xf86InputDriverList[]</varname> arrays have been initialised
by the end of this stage.
</para>
<para>
Once all the drivers are registered, their
<function>ChipIdentify()</function> functions are called.
</para>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void ChipIdentify(int flags);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This is expected to print a message indicating the driver name,
a short summary of what it supports, and a list of the chipset
names that it supports. It may use the xf86PrintChipsets() helper
to do this.
</para></blockquote>
</para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void xf86PrintChipsets(const char *drvname, const char *drvmsg,
SymTabPtr chips);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function provides an easy way for a driver's ChipIdentify
function to format the identification message.
</para></blockquote>
</para></blockquote>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Initialise Access Control</title>
<para>
This is done at the start of the first server generation only.
</para>
<para>
The Resource Access Control (RAC) subsystem is initialised before
calling any driver functions that may access hardware. All generic
bus information is probed and saved (for restoration later). All
(shared resource) video devices are disabled at the generic bus
level, and a probe is done to find the <quote>primary</quote> video device. These
devices remain disabled for the next step.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="probe">
<title>Video Driver Probe</title>
<para>
This is done at the start of the first server generation only. The
<function>ChipProbe()</function> function of each registered video driver
is called.
</para>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
Bool ChipProbe(DriverPtr drv, int flags);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
The purpose of this is to identify all instances of hardware
supported by the driver. The flags value is currently either 0,
<constant>PROBE_DEFAULT</constant> or <constant>PROBE_DETECT</constant>.
<constant>PROBE_DETECT</constant> is used if "-configure" or "-probe"
command line arguments are given and indicates to the
<function>Probe()</function> function that it should not configure the
bus entities and that no xorg.conf information is available.
</para>
<para>
The probe must find the active device sections that match the
driver by calling <function>xf86MatchDevice()</function>. The number
of matches found limits the maximum number of instances for this
driver. If no matches are found, the function should return
<constant>FALSE</constant> immediately.
</para>
<para>
Devices that cannot be identified by using device-independent
methods should be probed at this stage (keeping in mind that access
to all resources that can be disabled in a device-independent way
are disabled during this phase). The probe must be a minimal
probe. It should just determine if there is a card present that
the driver can drive. It should use the least intrusive probe
methods possible. It must not do anything that is not essential,
like probing for other details such as the amount of memory
installed, etc. It is recommended that the
<function>xf86MatchPciInstances()</function> helper function be used
for identifying matching PCI devices
(see the <link linkend="rac">RAC</link> section). These helpers also
checks and claims the appropriate entity. When not using the
helper, that should be done with <function>xf86CheckPciSlot()</function>
and <function>xf86ClaimPciSlot()</function> for PCI devices (see the
<link linkend="rac">RAC</link> section).
</para>
<para>
The probe must register all non-relocatable resources at this
stage. If a resource conflict is found between exclusive resources
the driver will fail immediately. This is usually best done with
the <function>xf86ConfigPciEntity()</function> helper function
for PCI.
</para>
<para>
If a chipset is specified in an active device section which the
driver considers relevant (ie it has no driver specified, or the
driver specified matches the driver doing the probe), the Probe
must return <constant>FALSE</constant> if the chipset doesn't match
one supported by the driver.
</para>
<para>
If there are no active device sections that the driver considers
relevant, it must return <constant>FALSE</constant>.
</para>
<para>
Allocate a <structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname> for each active instance of the
hardware found, and fill in the basic information, including the
other driver entry points. This is best done with the
<function>xf86ConfigPciEntity()</function> for PCI instances.
These functions allocate a <structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname> for active
entities. Optionally <function>xf86AllocateScreen()</function>
function may also be used to allocate the <structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname>.
Any of these functions take care of initialising fields to defined
<quote>unused</quote> values.
</para>
<para>
Claim the entities for each instance of the hardware found. This
prevents other drivers from claiming the same hardware.
</para>
<para>
Must leave hardware in the same state it found it in, and must not
do any hardware initialisation.
</para>
<para>
All detection can be overridden via the config file, and that
parsed information is available to the driver at this stage.
</para>
<para>
Returns <constant>TRUE</constant> if one or more instances are found,
and <constant>FALSE</constant> otherwise.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
int xf86MatchDevice(const char *drivername,
GDevPtr **driversectlist)
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function takes the name of the driver and returns via
<parameter>driversectlist</parameter> a list of device sections that
match the driver name. The function return value is the number
of matches found. If a fatal error is encountered the return
value is <literal>-1</literal>.
</para>
<para>
The caller should use <function>xfree()</function> to free
<parameter>*driversectlist</parameter> when it is no longer needed.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
ScrnInfoPtr xf86AllocateScreen(DriverPtr drv, int flags)
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function allocates a new <structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname> in the
<varname>xf86Screens[]</varname> array. This function is normally
called by the video driver <function>ChipProbe()</function> functions.
The return value is a pointer to the newly allocated
<structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname>. The <structfield>scrnIndex</structfield>,
<structfield>origIndex</structfield>, <structfield>module</structfield> and
<structfield>drv</structfield> fields are initialised. The reference count
in <parameter>drv</parameter> is incremented. The storage for any
currently allocated <quote>privates</quote> pointers is also allocated and
the <structfield>privates</structfield> field initialised (the privates data
is of course not allocated or initialised). This function never
returns on failure. If the allocation fails, the server exits
with a fatal error. The flags value is not currently used, and
should be set to zero.
</para></blockquote>
</para></blockquote>
<para>
At the completion of this, a list of <structname>ScrnInfoRecs</structname>
have been allocated in the <varname>xf86Screens[]</varname> array, and
the associated entities and fixed resources have been claimed. The
following <structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname> fields must be initialised at
this point:
<literallayout>
driverVersion
driverName
scrnIndex(*)
origIndex(*)
drv(*)
module(*)
name
Probe
PreInit
ScreenInit
EnterVT
LeaveVT
numEntities
entityList
access
</literallayout>
<literal>(*)</literal> These are initialised when the <structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname>
is allocated, and not explicitly by the driver.
</para>
<para>
The following <structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname> fields must be initialised
if the driver is going to use them:
<literallayout>
SwitchMode
AdjustFrame
FreeScreen
ValidMode
</literallayout>
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Matching Screens</title>
<para>
This is done at the start of the first server generation only.
</para>
<para>
After the Probe phase is finished, there will be some number of
<structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname>s. These are then matched with the active
&k.screen; sections in the xorg.conf, and those not having an active
&k.screen; section are deleted. If the number of remaining screens
is 0, <function>InitOutput()</function> sets
<structfield>screenInfo.numScreens</structfield> to <constant>0</constant> and
returns.
</para>
<para>
At this point the following fields of the <structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname>s
must be initialised:
<literallayout>
confScreen
</literallayout>
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Allocate non-conflicting resources</title>
<para>
This is done at the start of the first server generation only.
</para>
<para>
Before calling the drivers again, the resource information collected
from the Probe phase is processed. This includes checking the extent
of PCI resources for the probed devices, and resolving any conflicts
in the relocatable PCI resources. It also reports conflicts, checks
bus routing issues, and anything else that is needed to enable the
entities for the next phase.
</para>
<para>
If any drivers registered an <function>EntityInit()</function> function
during the Probe phase, then they are called here.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Sort the Screens and pre-check Monitor Information</title>
<para>
This is done at the start of the first server generation only.
</para>
<para>
The list of screens is sorted to match the ordering requested in the
config file.
</para>
<para>
The list of modes for each active monitor is checked against the
monitor's parameters. Invalid modes are pruned.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>PreInit</title>
<para>
This is done at the start of the first server generation only.
</para>
<para>
For each <structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname>, enable access to the screens entities and call
the <function>ChipPreInit()</function> function.
</para>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
Bool ChipPreInit(ScrnInfoRec screen, int flags);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
The purpose of this function is to find out all the information
required to determine if the configuration is usable, and to
initialise those parts of the <structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname> that
can be set once at the beginning of the first server generation.
</para>
<para>
The number of entities registered for the screen should be checked
against the expected number (most drivers expect only one). The
entity information for each of them should be retrieved (with
<function>xf86GetEntityInfo()</function>) and checked for the correct
bus type and that none of the shareable resources registered during
the Probe phase was rejected.
</para>
<para>
Access to resources for the entities that can be controlled in a
device-independent way are enabled before this function is called.
If the driver needs to access any resources that it has disabled
in an <function>EntityInit()</function> function that it registered,
then it may enable them here providing that it disables them before
this function returns.
</para>
<para>
This includes probing for video memory, clocks, ramdac, and all
other HW info that is needed. It includes determining the
depth/bpp/visual and related info. It includes validating and
determining the set of video modes that will be used (and anything
that is required to determine that).
</para>
<para>
This information should be determined in the least intrusive way
possible. The state of the HW must remain unchanged by this
function. Although video memory (including MMIO) may be mapped
within this function, it must be unmapped before returning. Driver
specific information should be stored in a structure hooked into
the <structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname>'s <structfield>driverPrivate</structfield>
field. Any other modules which require persistent data (ie data
that persists across server generations) should be initialised in
this function, and they should allocate a <quote>privates</quote> index to
hook their data into by calling
<function>xf86AllocateScrnInfoPrivateIndex()</function>. The <quote>privates</quote>
data is persistent.
</para>
<para>
Helper functions for some of these things are provided at the
XFree86 common level, and the driver can choose to make use of
them.
</para>
<para>
Modules may be loaded at any point in this function, and all
modules that the driver will need must be loaded before the end
of this function. Either the <function>xf86LoadSubModule()</function>
or the <function>xf86LoadDrvSubModule()</function> function should be
used to load modules depending on whether a
<structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname> has been set up. A driver may unload
a module within this function if it was only needed temporarily,
and the <function>xf86UnloadSubModule()</function> function should be used
to do that. Otherwise there is no need to explicitly unload modules
because the loader takes care of module dependencies and will
unload submodules automatically if/when the driver module is
unloaded.
</para>
<para>
The bulk of the <structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname> fields should be filled
out in this function.
</para>
<para>
<function>ChipPreInit()</function> returns <constant>FALSE</constant> when
the configuration is unusable in some way (unsupported depth, no
valid modes, not enough video memory, etc), and <constant>TRUE</constant>
if it is usable.
</para>
<para>
It is expected that if the <function>ChipPreInit()</function> function
returns <constant>TRUE</constant>, then the only reasons that subsequent
stages in the driver might fail are lack or resources (like xalloc
failures). All other possible reasons for failure should be
determined by the <function>ChipPreInit()</function> function.
</para></blockquote>
</para></blockquote>
<para>
The <structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname>s for screens where the <function>ChipPreInit()</function> fails are removed.
If none remain, <function>InitOutput()</function> sets <structfield>screenInfo.numScreens</structfield> to <constant>0</constant> and returns.
</para>
<para>
At this point, further fields of the <structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname>s would normally be
filled in. Most are not strictly mandatory, but many are required
by other layers and/or helper functions that the driver may choose
to use. The documentation for those layers and helper functions
indicates which they require.
</para>
<para>
The following fields of the <structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname>s should be filled in if the
driver is going to use them:
<literallayout>
monitor
display
depth
pixmapBPP
bitsPerPixel
weight (&gt;8bpp only)
mask (&gt;8bpp only)
offset (&gt;8bpp only)
rgbBits (8bpp only)
gamma
defaultVisual
virtualX
virtualY
displayWidth
frameX0
frameY0
frameX1
frameY1
zoomLocked
modePool
modes
currentMode
progClock (TRUE if clock is programmable)
chipset
ramdac
clockchip
numClocks (if not programmable)
clock[] (if not programmable)
videoRam
memBase
driverPrivate
chipID
chipRev
</literallayout>
</para>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
pointer xf86LoadSubModule(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn, const char *name);
and
pointer xf86LoadDrvSubModule(DriverPtr drv, const char *name);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Load a module that a driver depends on. This function loads the
module <parameter>name</parameter> as a sub module of the driver. The
return value is a handle identifying the new module. If the load
fails, the return value will be <constant>NULL</constant>. If a driver
needs to explicitly unload a module it has loaded in this way,
the return value must be saved and passed to
<function>xf86UnloadSubModule()</function> when unloading.
</para></blockquote>
</para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void xf86UnloadSubModule(pointer module);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Unloads the module referenced by <parameter>module</parameter>.
<parameter>module</parameter> should be a pointer returned previously
by <function>xf86LoadSubModule()</function> or
<function>xf86LoadDrvSubModule()</function> .
</para></blockquote>
</para></blockquote>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Cleaning up Unused Drivers</title>
<para>
At this point it is known which screens will be in use, and which
drivers are being used. Unreferenced drivers (and modules they
may have loaded) are unloaded here.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Consistency Checks</title>
<para>
The parameters that must be global to the server, like pixmap formats,
bitmap bit order, bitmap scanline unit and image byte order are
compared for each of the screens. If a mismatch is found, the server
exits with an appropriate message.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Check if Resource Control is Needed</title>
<para>
Determine if resource access control is needed. This is the case
if more than one screen is used. If necessary the RAC wrapper module
is loaded.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>AddScreen (ScreenInit)</title>
<para>
At this point, the valid screens are known.
<function>AddScreen()</function> is called for each of them, passing
<function>ChipScreenInit()</function> as the argument.
<function>AddScreen()</function> is a DIX function that allocates a new
<structfield>screenInfo.screen[]</structfield> entry (aka
<varname>pScreen</varname>), and does some basic initialisation of it.
It then calls the <function>ChipScreenInit()</function> function, with
<parameter>pScreen</parameter> as one of its arguments. If
<function>ChipScreenInit()</function> returns <constant>FALSE</constant>,
<function>AddScreen()</function> returns <constant>-1</constant>. Otherwise
it returns the index of the screen. <function>AddScreen()</function>
should only fail because of programming errors or failure to allocate
resources (like memory). All configuration problems should be
detected BEFORE this point.
</para>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
Bool ChipScreenInit(ScreenPtr pScreen,
int argc, char **argv);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This is called at the start of each server generation.
</para>
<para>
Fill in all of <parameter>pScreen</parameter>, possibly doing some of
this by calling ScreenInit functions from other layers like mi,
framebuffers (cfb, etc), and extensions.
</para>
<para>
Decide which operations need to be placed under resource access
control. The classes of operations are the frame buffer operations
(<constant>RAC_FB</constant>), the pointer operations
(<constant>RAC_CURSOR</constant>), the viewport change operations
(<constant>RAC_VIEWPORT</constant>) and the colormap operations
(<constant>RAC_COLORMAP</constant>). Any operation that requires
resources which might be disabled during OPERATING state should
be set to use RAC. This can be specified separately for memory
and IO resources (the <structfield>racMemFlags</structfield> and
<structfield>racIoFlags</structfield> fields of the <structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname>
respectively).
</para>
<para>
Map any video memory or other memory regions.
</para>
<para>
Save the video card state. Enough state must be saved so that
the original state can later be restored.
</para>
<para>
Initialise the initial video mode. The <structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname>'s
<structfield>vtSema</structfield> field should be set to <constant>TRUE</constant>
just prior to changing the video hardware's state.
</para></blockquote>
</para></blockquote>
<para>
The <function>ChipScreenInit()</function> function (or functions from other
layers that it calls) should allocate entries in the
<structname>ScreenRec</structname>'s <structfield>devPrivates</structfield> area by
calling <function>AllocateScreenPrivateIndex()</function> if it needs
per-generation storage. Since the <structname>ScreenRec</structname>'s
<structfield>devPrivates</structfield> information is cleared for each server
generation, this is the correct place to initialise it.
</para>
<para>
After <function>AddScreen()</function> has successfully returned, the
following <structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname> fields are initialised:
<literallayout>
pScreen
racMemFlags
racIoFlags
</literallayout>
</para>
<para>
The <function>ChipScreenInit()</function> function should initialise the
<structfield>CloseScreen</structfield> and <structfield>SaveScreen</structfield> fields
of <parameter>pScreen</parameter>. The old value of
<structfield>pScreen-&gt;CloseScreen</structfield> should be saved as part of
the driver's per-screen private data, allowing it to be called from
<function>ChipCloseScreen()</function>. This means that the existing
<function>CloseScreen()</function> function is wrapped.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Finalising RAC Initialisation</title>
<para>
After all the <function>ChipScreenInit()</function> functions have been
called, each screen has registered its RAC requirements. This
information is used to determine which shared resources are requested
by more than one driver and set the access functions accordingly.
This is done following these rules:
<orderedlist>
<listitem><para>
The shareable resources registered by each entity are compared.
If a resource is registered by more than one entity the entity
will be marked to indicate that it needs to share this resources
type (IO or MEM).
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
A resource marked <quote>disabled</quote> during OPERATING state will be
ignored entirely.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
A resource marked <quote>unused</quote> will only conflict with an overlapping
resource of an other entity if the second is actually in use
during OPERATING state.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
If an <quote>unused</quote> resource was found to conflict but the entity
does not use any other resource of this type the entire resource
type will be disabled for that entity.
</para></listitem>
</orderedlist>
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Finishing InitOutput()</title>
<para>
At this point <function>InitOutput()</function> is finished, and all the
screens have been setup in their initial video mode.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Mode Switching</title>
<para>
When a SwitchMode event is received, <function>ChipSwitchMode()</function>
is called (when it exists):
</para>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
Bool ChipSwitchMode(int index, DisplayModePtr mode);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Initialises the new mode for the screen identified by
<parameter>index;</parameter>. The viewport may need to be adjusted
also.
</para></blockquote>
</para></blockquote>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Changing Viewport</title>
<para>
When a Change Viewport event is received,
<function>ChipAdjustFrame()</function> is called (when it exists):
</para>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void ChipAdjustFrame(int index, int x, int y);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Changes the viewport for the screen identified by
<parameter>index;</parameter>.
</para>
<para>
It should be noted that many chipsets impose restrictions on where the
viewport may be placed in the virtual resolution, either for alignment
reasons, or to prevent the start of the viewport from being positioned
within a pixel (as can happen in a 24bpp mode). After calculating the
value the chipset's panning registers need to be set to for non-DGA
modes, this function should recalculate the ScrnInfoRec's
<structfield>frameX0</structfield>, <structfield>frameY0</structfield>, <structfield>frameX1</structfield>
and <structfield>frameY1</structfield> fields to correspond to that value. If
this is not done, switching to another mode might cause the position
of a hardware cursor to change.
</para></blockquote>
</para></blockquote>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>VT Switching</title>
<para>
When a VT switch event is received, <function>xf86VTSwitch()</function>
is called. <function>xf86VTSwitch()</function> does the following:
<variablelist>
<varlistentry><term>On ENTER:</term>
<listitem>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>
enable port I/O access
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
save and initialise the bus/resource state
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
enter the SETUP server state
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
calls <function>ChipEnterVT()</function> for each screen
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
enter the OPERATING server state
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
validate GCs
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
Restore fb from saved pixmap for each screen
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
Enable all input devices
</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>On LEAVE:</term>
<listitem>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>
Save fb to pixmap for each screen
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
validate GCs
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
enter the SETUP server state
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
calls <function>ChipLeaveVT()</function> for each screen
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
disable all input devices
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
restore bus/resource state
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
disables port I/O access
</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
Bool ChipEnterVT(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function should initialise the current video mode and
initialise the viewport, turn on the HW cursor if appropriate,
etc.
</para>
<para>
Should it re-save the video state before initialising the video
mode?
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void ChipLeaveVT(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function should restore the saved video state. If
appropriate it should also turn off the HW cursor, and invalidate
any pixmap/font caches.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<para>
Optionally, <function>ChipLeaveVT()</function> may also unmap memory
regions. If so, <function>ChipEnterVT()</function> will need to remap
them. Additionally, if an aperture used to access video memory is
unmapped and remapped in this fashion, <function>ChipEnterVT()</function>
will also need to notify the framebuffer layers of the aperture's new
location in virtual memory. This is done with a call to the screen's
<function>ModifyPixmapHeader()</function> function, as follows
</para>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
(*pScreen-&gt;ModifyPixmapHeader)(pScrn-&gt;ppix,
-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, NewApertureAddress);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
where the <structfield>ppix</structfield> field in a ScrnInfoRec
points to the pixmap used by the screen's
<function>SaveRestoreImage()</function> function to hold the screen's
contents while switched out.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<para>
Other layers may wrap the <function>ChipEnterVT()</function> and
<function>ChipLeaveVT()</function> functions if they need to take some
action when these events are received.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>End of server generation</title>
<para>
At the end of each server generation, the DIX layer calls
<function>ChipCloseScreen()</function> for each screen:
</para>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
Bool ChipCloseScreen(int index, ScreenPtr pScreen);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function should restore the saved video state and unmap the
memory regions.
</para>
<para>
It should also free per-screen data structures allocated by the
driver. Note that the persistent data held in the
<structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname>'s <structfield>driverPrivate</structfield> field
should not be freed here because it is needed by subsequent server
generations.
</para>
<para>
The <structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname>'s <structfield>vtSema</structfield> field
should be set to <constant>FALSE</constant> once the video HW state
has been restored.
</para>
<para>
Before freeing the per-screen driver data the saved
<structfield>CloseScreen</structfield> value should be restored to
<structfield>pScreen-&gt;CloseScreen</structfield>, and that function should
be called after freeing the data.
</para></blockquote>
</para></blockquote>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1>
<title>Optional Driver Functions</title>
<para>
The functions outlined here can be called from the XFree86 common layer,
but their presence is optional.
</para>
<sect2>
<title>Mode Validation</title>
<para>
When a mode validation helper supplied by the XFree86-common layer is
being used, it can be useful to provide a function to check for hw
specific mode constraints:
</para>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
ModeStatus ChipValidMode(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn, DisplayModePtr mode,
Bool verbose, int flags);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Check the passed mode for hw-specific constraints, and return the
appropriate status value.
</para></blockquote>
</para></blockquote>
<para>
This function may also modify the effective timings and clock of the passed
mode. These have been stored in the mode's <structfield>Crtc*</structfield> and
<structfield>SynthClock</structfield> elements, and have already been adjusted for
interlacing, doublescanning, multiscanning and clock multipliers and dividers.
The function should not modify any other mode field, unless it wants to modify
the mode timings reported to the user by <function>xf86PrintModes()</function>.
</para>
<para>
The function is called once for every mode in the xorg.conf Monitor section
assigned to the screen, with <parameter>flags</parameter> set to
<constant>MODECHECK_INITIAL</constant>. It is subsequently called for every mode
in the xorg.conf Display subsection assigned to the screen, with
<parameter>flags</parameter> set to <constant>MODECHECK_FINAL</constant>. In the second
case, the mode will have successfully passed all other tests. In addition,
the <structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname>'s <structfield>virtualX</structfield>,
<structfield>virtualY</structfield> and <structfield>displayWidth</structfield> fields will have been
set as if the mode to be validated were to be the last mode accepted.
</para>
<para>
In effect, calls with MODECHECK_INITIAL are intended for checks that do not
depend on any mode other than the one being validated, while calls with
MODECHECK_FINAL are intended for checks that may involve more than one mode.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Free screen data</title>
<para>
When a screen is deleted prior to the completion of the ScreenInit
phase the <function>ChipFreeScreen()</function> function is called when defined.
</para>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void ChipFreeScreen(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Free any driver-allocated data that may have been allocated up to
and including an unsuccessful <function>ChipScreenInit()</function>
call. This would predominantly be data allocated by
<function>ChipPreInit()</function> that persists across server
generations. It would include the <structfield>driverPrivate</structfield>,
and any <quote>privates</quote> entries that modules may have allocated.
</para></blockquote>
</para></blockquote>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1>
<title>Recommended driver functions</title>
<para>
The functions outlined here are for internal use by the driver only.
They are entirely optional, and are never accessed directly from higher
layers. The sample function declarations shown here are just examples.
The interface (if any) used is up to the driver.
</para>
<sect2>
<title>Save</title>
<para>
Save the video state. This could be called from <function>ChipScreenInit()</function> and
(possibly) <function>ChipEnterVT()</function>.
</para>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void ChipSave(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Saves the current state. This will only be saving pre-server
states or states before returning to the server. There is only
one current saved state per screen and it is stored in private
storage in the screen.
</para></blockquote>
</para></blockquote>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Restore</title>
<para>
Restore the original video state. This could be called from the
<function>ChipLeaveVT()</function> and <function>ChipCloseScreen()</function>
functions.
</para>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void ChipRestore(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Restores the saved state from the private storage. Usually only
used for restoring text modes.
</para></blockquote>
</para></blockquote>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Initialise Mode</title>
<para>
Initialise a video mode. This could be called from the
<function>ChipScreenInit()</function>, <function>ChipSwitchMode()</function>
and <function>ChipEnterVT()</function> functions.
</para>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
Bool ChipModeInit(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn, DisplayModePtr mode);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Programs the hardware for the given video mode.
</para></blockquote>
</para></blockquote>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1>
<title>Data and Data Structures</title>
<sect2>
<title>Command line data</title>
<para>
Command line options are typically global, and are stored in global
variables. These variables are read-only and are available to drivers
via a function call interface. Most of these command line values are
processed via helper functions to ensure that they are treated consistently
by all drivers. The other means of access is provided for cases where
the supplied helper functions might not be appropriate.
</para>
<para>
Some of them are:
<literallayout>
xf86Verbose verbosity level
xf86Bpp -bpp from the command line
xf86Depth -depth from the command line
xf86Weight -weight from the command line
xf86Gamma -{r,g,b,}gamma from the command line
xf86ProbeOnly -probeonly from the command line
defaultColorVisualClass -cc from the command line
</literallayout>
</para>
<para>
If we ever do allow for screen-specific command line options, we may
need to rethink this.
</para>
<para>
These can be accessed in a read-only manner by drivers with the following
functions:
</para>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
int xf86GetVerbosity();
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Returns the value of <varname>xf86Verbose</varname>.
</para></blockquote>
</para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
int xf86GetDepth();
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Returns the <option>-depth</option> command line setting. If not
set on the command line, <constant>-1</constant> is returned.
</para></blockquote>
</para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
rgb xf86GetWeight();
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Returns the <option>-weight</option> command line setting. If not
set on the command line, <literal remap="tt">{0, 0, 0}</literal> is returned.
</para></blockquote>
</para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
Gamma xf86GetGamma();
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Returns the <option>-gamma</option> or <option>-rgamma</option>,
<option>-ggamma</option>, <option>-bgamma</option> command line settings.
If not set on the command line, <literal remap="tt">{0.0, 0.0, 0.0}</literal>
is returned.
</para></blockquote>
</para></blockquote>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Data handling</title>
<para>
Config file data contains parts that are global, and parts that are
Screen specific. All of it is parsed into data structures that neither
the drivers or most other parts of the server need to know about.
</para>
<para>
The global data is typically not required by drivers, and as such, most
of it is stored in the private <structname>xf86InfoRec</structname>.
</para>
<para>
The screen-specific data collected from the config file is stored in
screen, device, display, monitor-specific data structures that are separate
from the <varname>ScrnInfoRecs</varname>, with the appropriate elements/fields
hooked into the <varname>ScrnInfoRecs</varname> as required. The screen
config data is held in <structname>confScreenRec</structname>, device data in
the <structname>GDevRec</structname>, monitor data in the <structname>MonRec</structname>,
and display data in the <structname>DispRec</structname>.
</para>
<para>
The XFree86 common layer's screen specific data (the actual data in use
for each screen) is held in the <varname>ScrnInfoRecs</varname>. As has
been outlined above, the <varname>ScrnInfoRecs</varname> are allocated at probe
time, and it is the responsibility of the Drivers' <function>Probe()</function>
and <function>PreInit()</function> functions to finish filling them in based
on both data provided on the command line and data provided from the
Config file. The precedence for this is:
<blockquote><para>
command line -&gt; config file -&gt; probed/default data
</para></blockquote>
</para>
<para>
For most things in this category there are helper functions that the
drivers can use to ensure that the above precedence is consistently
used.
</para>
<para>
As well as containing screen-specific data that the XFree86 common layer
(including essential parts of the server infrastructure as well as helper
functions) needs to access, it also contains some data that drivers use
internally. When considering whether to add a new field to the
<structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname>, consider the balance between the convenience
of things that lots of drivers need and the size/obscurity of the
<structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname>.
</para>
<para>
Per-screen driver specific data that cannot be accommodated with the
static <structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname> fields is held in a driver-defined
data structure, a pointer to which is assigned to the
<structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname>'s <structfield>driverPrivate</structfield> field. This
is per-screen data that persists across server generations (as does the
bulk of the static <structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname> data). It would typically
also include the video card's saved state.
</para>
<para>
Per-screen data for other modules that the driver uses that is reset for each
server generation is hooked into the <structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname>
through its <structfield>privates</structfield> field.
</para>
<para>
Once it has stabilised, the data structures and variables accessible to
video drivers will be documented here. In the meantime, those things
defined in the <filename>xf86.h</filename> and <filename>xf86str.h</filename>
files are visible to video drivers. Things defined in
<filename>xf86Priv.h</filename> and <filename>xf86Privstr.h</filename> are NOT
intended to be visible to video drivers, and it is an error for a driver
to include those files.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Accessing global data</title>
<para>
Some other global state information that the drivers may access via
functions is as follows:
</para>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
Bool xf86ServerIsExiting();
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Returns <constant>TRUE</constant> if the server is at the end of a
generation and is in the process of exiting, and
<constant>FALSE</constant> otherwise.
</para></blockquote>
</para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
Bool xf86ServerIsResetting();
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Returns <constant>TRUE</constant> if the server is at the end of a
generation and is in the process of resetting, and
<constant>FALSE</constant> otherwise.
</para></blockquote>
</para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
Bool xf86ServerIsOnlyProbing();
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Returns <constant>TRUE</constant> if the -probeonly command line flag
was specified, and <constant>FALSE</constant> otherwise.
</para></blockquote>
</para></blockquote>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Allocating private data</title>
<para>
A driver and any module it uses may allocate per-screen private storage
in either the <structname>ScreenRec</structname> (DIX level) or
<structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname> (XFree86 common layer level).
<structname>ScreenRec</structname> storage persists only for a single server
generation, and <structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname> storage persists across
generations for the lifetime of the server.
</para>
<para>
The <structname>ScreenRec</structname> <structfield>devPrivates</structfield> data must be
reallocated/initialised at the start of each new generation. This is
normally done from the <function>ChipScreenInit()</function> function, and
Init functions for other modules that it calls. Data allocated in this
way should be freed by the driver's <function>ChipCloseScreen()</function>
functions, and Close functions for other modules that it calls. A new
<structfield>devPrivates</structfield> entry is allocated by calling the
<function>AllocateScreenPrivateIndex()</function> function.
</para>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
int AllocateScreenPrivateIndex();
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function allocates a new element in the
<structfield>devPrivates</structfield> field of all currently existing
<literal remap="tt">ScreenRecs</literal>. The return value is the index of this
new element in the <structfield>devPrivates</structfield> array. The
<structfield>devPrivates</structfield> field is of type
<structname>DevUnion</structname>:
<programlisting>
typedef union _DevUnion {
pointer ptr;
long val;
unsigned long uval;
pointer (*fptr)(void);
} DevUnion;
</programlisting>
which allows the element to be used for any of the above types.
It is commonly used as a pointer to data that the caller allocates
after the new index has been allocated.
</para>
<para>
This function will return <constant>-1</constant> when there is an
error allocating the new index.
</para>
</blockquote>
</para></blockquote>
<para>
The <structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname> <structfield>privates</structfield> data persists
for the life of the server, so only needs to be allocated once. This
should be done from the <function>ChipPreInit()</function> function, and Init
functions for other modules that it calls. Data allocated in this way
should be freed by the driver's <function>ChipFreeScreen()</function> functions,
and Free functions for other modules that it calls. A new
<structfield>privates</structfield> entry is allocated by calling the
<function>xf86AllocateScrnInfoPrivateIndex()</function> function.
</para>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
int xf86AllocateScrnInfoPrivateIndex();
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function allocates a new element in the <structfield>privates</structfield>
field of all currently existing <varname>ScrnInfoRecs</varname>.
The return value is the index of this new element in the
<structfield>privates</structfield> array. The <structfield>privates</structfield>
field is of type <structfield>DevUnion</structfield>:
<programlisting>
typedef union _DevUnion {
pointer ptr;
long val;
unsigned long uval;
pointer (*fptr)(void);
} DevUnion;
</programlisting>
which allows the element to be used for any of the above types.
It is commonly used as a pointer to data that the caller allocates
after the new index has been allocated.
</para>
<para>
This function will not return when there is an error allocating
the new index. When there is an error it will cause the server
to exit with a fatal error. The similar function for allocation
privates in the <structname>ScreenRec</structname>
(<function>AllocateScreenPrivateIndex()</function>) differs in this
respect by returning <constant>-1</constant> when the allocation fails.
</para>
</blockquote>
</para></blockquote>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="rac">
<title>Keeping Track of Bus Resources</title>
<sect2>
<title>Theory of Operation</title>
<para>
The XFree86 common layer has knowledge of generic access control mechanisms
for devices on certain bus systems (currently the PCI bus) as well as
of methods to enable or disable access to the buses itself. Furthermore
it can access information on resources decoded by these devices and if
necessary modify it.
</para>
<para>
When first starting the Xserver collects all this information, saves it
for restoration, checks it for consistency, and if necessary, corrects
it. Finally it disables all resources on a generic level prior to
calling any driver function.
</para>
<para>
When the <function>Probe()</function> function of each driver is called the
device sections are matched against the devices found in the system.
The driver may probe devices at this stage that cannot be identified by
using device independent methods. Access to all resources that can be
controlled in a device independent way is disabled. The
<function>Probe()</function> function should register all non-relocatable
resources at this stage. If a resource conflict is found between
exclusive resources the driver will fail immediately. Optionally the
driver might specify an <function>EntityInit()</function>,
<function>EntityLeave()</function> and <function>EntityEnter()</function> function.
</para>
<para>
<function>EntityInit()</function> can be used to disable any shared resources
that are not controlled by the generic access control functions. It is
called prior to the PreInit phase regardless if an entity is active or
not. When calling the <function>EntityInit()</function>,
<function>EntityEnter()</function> and <function>EntityLeave()</function> functions
the common level will disable access to all other entities on a generic
level. Since the common level has no knowledge of device specific
methods to disable access to resources it cannot be guaranteed that
certain resources are not decoded by any other entity until the
<function>EntityInit()</function> or <function>EntityEnter()</function> phase is
finished. Device drivers should therefore register all those resources
which they are going to disable. If these resources are never to be
used by any driver function they may be flagged <constant>ResInit</constant>
so that they can be removed from the resource list after processing all
<function>EntityInit()</function> functions. <function>EntityEnter()</function>
should disable decoding of all resources which are not registered as
exclusive and which are not handled by the generic access control in
the common level. The difference to <function>EntityInit()</function> is
that the latter one is only called once during lifetime of the server.
It can therefore be used to set up variables prior to disabling resources.
<function>EntityLeave()</function> should restore the original state when
exiting the server or switching to a different VT. It also needs to
disable device specific access functions if they need to be disabled on
server exit or VT switch. The default state is to enable them before
giving up the VT.
</para>
<para>
In <function>PreInit()</function> phase each driver should check if any
shareable resources it has registered during <function>Probe()</function> has
been denied and take appropriate action which could simply be to fail.
If it needs to access resources it has disabled during
<function>EntitySetup()</function> it can do so provided it has registered
these and will disable them before returning from
<function>PreInit()</function>. This also applies to all other driver
functions. Several functions are provided to request resource ranges,
register these, correct PCI config space and add replacements for the
generic access functions. Resources may be marked <quote>disabled</quote> or
<quote>unused</quote> during OPERATING stage. Although these steps could also be
performed in <function>ScreenInit()</function>, this is not desirable.
</para>
<para>
Following <function>PreInit()</function> phase the common level determines
if resource access control is needed. This is the case if more than
one screen is used. If necessary the RAC wrapper module is loaded. In
<function>ScreenInit()</function> the drivers can decide which operations
need to be placed under RAC. Available are the frame buffer operations,
the pointer operations and the colormap operations. Any operation that
requires resources which might be disabled during OPERATING state should
be set to use RAC. This can be specified separately for memory and IO
resources.
</para>
<para>
When <function>ScreenInit()</function> phase is done the common level will
determine which shared resources are requested by more than one driver
and set the access functions accordingly. This is done following these
rules:
<orderedlist>
<listitem><para>
The shareable resources registered by each entity are compared. If
a resource is registered by more than one entity the entity will be
marked to need to share this resources type (<constant>IO</constant> or
<constant>MEM</constant>).
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
A resource marked <quote>disabled</quote> during OPERATING state will be ignored
entirely.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
A resource marked <quote>unused</quote> will only conflicts with an overlapping
resource of an other entity if the second is actually in use during
OPERATING state.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
If an <quote>unused</quote> resource was found to conflict however the entity
does not use any other resource of this type the entire resource type
will be disabled for that entity.
</para></listitem>
</orderedlist>
</para>
<para>
The driver has the choice among different ways to control access to
certain resources:
<orderedlist>
<listitem><para>
It can rely on the generic access functions. This is probably the
most common case. Here the driver only needs to register any resource
it is going to use.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
It can replace the generic access functions by driver specific
ones. This will mostly be used in cases where no generic access
functions are available. In this case the driver has to make sure
these resources are disabled when entering the <function>PreInit()</function>
stage. Since the replacement functions are registered in
<function>PreInit()</function> the driver will have to enable these
resources itself if it needs to access them during this state. The
driver can specify if the replacement functions can control memory
and/or I/O resources separately.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
The driver can enable resources itself when it needs them. Each
driver function enabling them needs to disable them before it will
return. This should be used if a resource which can be controlled
in a device dependent way is only required during SETUP state. This
way it can be marked <quote>unused</quote> during OPERATING state.
</para></listitem>
</orderedlist>
</para>
<para>
A resource which is decoded during OPERATING state however never accessed
by the driver should be marked unused.
</para>
<para>
Since access switching latencies are an issue during Xserver operation,
the common level attempts to minimize the number of entities that need
to be placed under RAC control. When a wrapped operation is called,
the <function>EnableAccess()</function> function is called before control is
passed on. <function>EnableAccess()</function> checks if a screen is under
access control. If not it just establishes bus routing and returns.
If the screen needs to be under access control,
<function>EnableAccess()</function> determines which resource types
(<literal remap="tt">MEM</literal>, <literal remap="tt">IO</literal>) are required. Then it tests
if this access is already established. If so it simply returns. If
not it disables the currently established access, fixes bus routing and
enables access to all entities registered for this screen.
</para>
<para>
Whenever a mode switch or a VT-switch is performed the common level will
return to SETUP state.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Resource Types</title>
<para>
Resource have certain properties. When registering resources each range
is accompanied by a flag consisting of the ORed flags of the different
properties the resource has. Each resource range may be classified
according to
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>
its physical properties i.e., if it addresses
memory (<constant>ResMem</constant>) or
I/O space (<constant>ResIo</constant>),
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
if it addresses a
block (<constant>ResBlock</constant>) or
sparse (<constant>ResSparse</constant>)
range,
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
its access properties.
</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
<para>
There are two known access properties:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>
<constant>ResExclusive</constant>
for resources which may not be shared with any other device and
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
<constant>ResShared</constant>
for resources which can be disabled and therefore can be shared.
</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
<para>
If it is necessary to test a resource against any type a generic access
type <constant>ResAny</constant> is provided. If this is set the resource
will conflict with any resource of a different entity intersecting its
range. Further it can be specified that a resource is decoded however
never used during any stage (<constant>ResUnused</constant>) or during
OPERATING state (<constant>ResUnusedOpr</constant>). A resource only visible
during the init functions (ie. <function>EntityInit()</function>,
<function>EntityEnter()</function> and <function>EntityLeave()</function> should
be registered with the flag <constant>ResInit</constant>. A resource that
might conflict with background resource ranges may be flagged with
<constant>ResBios</constant>. This might be useful when registering resources
ranges that were assigned by the system Bios.
</para>
<para>
Several predefined resource lists are available for VGA and 8514/A
resources in <filename>common/xf86Resources.h</filename>.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="avail">
<title>Available Functions</title>
<para>
The functions provided for resource management are listed in their order
of use in the driver.
</para>
<sect3>
<title>Probe Phase</title>
<para>
In this phase each driver detects those resources it is able to drive,
creates an entity record for each of them, registers non-relocatable
resources and allocates screens and adds the resources to screens.
</para>
<para>
Two helper functions are provided for matching device sections in the
xorg.conf file to the devices:
</para>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
int xf86MatchPciInstances(const char *driverName, int vendorID,
SymTabPtr chipsets, PciChipsets *PCIchipsets,
GDevPtr *devList, int numDevs, DriverPtr drvp,
int **foundEntities);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function finds matches between PCI cards that a driver supports
and config file device sections. It is intended for use in the
<function>ChipProbe()</function> function of drivers for PCI cards.
Only probed PCI devices with a vendor ID matching
<parameter>vendorID</parameter> are considered. <parameter>devList</parameter>
and <parameter>numDevs</parameter> are typically those found from
calling <function>xf86MatchDevice()</function>, and represent the active
config file device sections relevant to the driver.
<parameter>PCIchipsets</parameter> is a table that provides a mapping
between the PCI device IDs, the driver's internal chipset tokens
and a list of fixed resources.
</para>
<para>
When a device section doesn't have a <emphasis>BusID</emphasis> entry it
can only match the primary video device. Secondary devices are
only matched with device sections that have a matching
<emphasis>BusID</emphasis> entry.
</para>
<para>
Once the preliminary matches have been found, a final match is
confirmed by checking if the chipset override, ChipID override or
probed PCI chipset type match one of those given in the
<parameter>chipsets</parameter> and <parameter>PCIchipsets</parameter> lists.
The <parameter>PCIchipsets</parameter> list includes a list of the PCI
device IDs supported by the driver. The list should be terminated
with an entry with PCI ID <constant>-1</constant>". The
<parameter>chipsets</parameter> list is a table mapping the driver's
internal chipset tokens to names, and should be terminated with
a <constant>NULL</constant> entry. Only those entries with a
corresponding entry in the <parameter>PCIchipsets</parameter> list are
considered. The order of precedence is: config file chipset,
config file ChipID, probed PCI device ID.
</para>
<para>
In cases where a driver handles PCI chipsets with more than one
vendor ID, it may set <parameter>vendorID</parameter> to
<constant>0</constant>, and OR each devID in the list with (the
vendor&nbsp;ID&nbsp;&lt;&lt;&nbsp;16).
</para>
<para>
Entity index numbers for confirmed matches are returned as an
array via <parameter>foundEntities</parameter>. The PCI information,
chipset token and device section for each match are found in the
<structname>EntityInfoRec</structname> referenced by the indices.
</para>
<para>
The function return value is the number of confirmed matches. A
return value of <constant>-1</constant> indicates an internal error.
The returned <parameter>foundEntities</parameter> array should be freed
by the driver with <function>xfree()</function> when it is no longer
needed in cases where the return value is greater than zero.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<para>
These two helper functions make use of several core functions that are
available at the driver level:
</para>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
Bool xf86ParsePciBusString(const char *busID, int *bus,
int *device, int *func);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Takes a <parameter>BusID</parameter> string, and if it is in the correct
format, returns the PCI <parameter>bus</parameter>, <parameter>device</parameter>,
<parameter>func</parameter> values that it indicates. The format of the
string is expected to be "PCI:bus:device:func" where each of <quote>bus</quote>,
<quote>device</quote> and <quote>func</quote> are decimal integers. The ":func" part may
be omitted, and the func value assumed to be zero, but this isn't
encouraged. The "PCI" prefix may also be omitted. The prefix
"AGP" is currently equivalent to the "PCI" prefix. If the string
isn't a valid PCI BusID, the return value is <constant>FALSE</constant>.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
Bool xf86ComparePciBusString(const char *busID, int bus,
int device, int func);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Compares a <parameter>BusID</parameter> string with PCI <parameter>bus</parameter>,
<parameter>device</parameter>, <parameter>func</parameter> values. If they
match <constant>TRUE</constant> is returned, and <constant>FALSE</constant>
if they don't.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
Bool xf86CheckPciSlot(int bus, int device, int func);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Checks if the PCI slot <literal remap="tt">bus:device:func</literal> has been
claimed. If so, it returns <constant>FALSE</constant>, and otherwise
<constant>TRUE</constant>.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
int xf86ClaimPciSlot(int bus, int device, int func, DriverPtr drvp,
int chipset, GDevPtr dev, Bool active);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function is used to claim a PCI slot, allocate the associated
entity record and initialise their data structures. The return
value is the index of the newly allocated entity record, or
<constant>-1</constant> if the claim fails. This function should always
succeed if <function>xf86CheckPciSlot()</function> returned
<constant>TRUE</constant> for the same PCI slot.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
Bool xf86IsPrimaryPci(void);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function returns <constant>TRUE</constant> if the primary card is
a PCI device, and <constant>FALSE</constant> otherwise.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<para>
Two helper functions are provided to aid configuring entities:
</para>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
ScrnInfoPtr xf86ConfigPciEntity(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn,
int scrnFlag, int entityIndex,
PciChipsets *p_chip,
void *res, EntityProc init,
EntityProc enter, EntityProc leave,
pointer private);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This functions is used to register the entity. The <parameter>res</parameter>, <parameter>init</parameter>, <parameter>enter</parameter>, and <parameter>leave</parameter> arguments are unused, and should be <constant>NULL</constant>.
For active entities a <structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname> is allocated
if the <parameter>pScrn</parameter> argument is <constant>NULL</constant>.
The
return value is <constant>TRUE</constant> when successful.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<para>
These two helper functions make use of several core functions that are
available at the driver level:
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void xf86AddEntityToScreen(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn, int entityIndex);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function associates the entity referenced by
<parameter>entityIndex</parameter> with the screen.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>PreInit Phase</title>
<para>
During this phase the remaining resources should be registered.
<function>PreInit()</function> should call <function>xf86GetEntityInfo()</function>
to obtain a pointer to an <structname>EntityInfoRec</structname> for each entity
it is able to drive and check if any resource are listed in its
<structfield>resources</structfield> field. If resources registered in the Probe
phase have been rejected in the post-Probe phase
(<structfield>resources</structfield> is non-<constant>NULL</constant>), then the driver should
decide if it can continue without using these or if it should fail.
</para>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
EntityInfoPtr xf86GetEntityInfo(int entityIndex);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function returns a pointer to the <structname>EntityInfoRec</structname>
referenced by <parameter>entityIndex</parameter>. The returned
<structname>EntityInfoRec</structname> should be freed with
<function>xfree()</function> when no longer needed.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<para>
Several functions are provided to simplify resource registration:
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
Bool xf86IsEntityPrimary(int entityIndex);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function returns <constant>TRUE</constant> if the entity referenced
by <parameter>entityIndex</parameter> is the primary display device (i.e.,
the one initialised at boot time and used in text mode).
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
Bool xf86IsScreenPrimary(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function returns <constant>TRUE</constant> if the primary entity
is registered with the screen referenced by
<parameter>pScrn</parameter>.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
pciVideoPtr xf86GetPciInfoForEntity(int entityIndex);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function returns a pointer to the <structname>pciVideoRec</structname>
for the specified entity. If the entity is not a PCI device,
<constant>NULL</constant> is returned.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
</para>
<para>
Two functions are provided to obtain a resource range of a given type:
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
resRange xf86GetBlock(long type, memType size,
memType window_start, memType window_end,
memType align_mask, resPtr avoid);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function tries to find a block range of size
<parameter>size</parameter> and type <parameter>type</parameter> in a window
bound by <parameter>window_start</parameter> and <parameter>window_end</parameter>
with the alignment specified in <parameter>align_mask</parameter>.
Optionally a list of resource ranges which should be avoided within
the window can be supplied. On failure a zero-length range of
type <constant>ResEnd</constant> will be returned.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
resRange xf86GetSparse(long type, memType fixed_bits,
memType decode_mask, memType address_mask,
resPtr avoid);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function is like the previous one, but attempts to find a
sparse range instead of a block range. Here three values have to
be specified: the <parameter>address_mask</parameter> which marks all
bits of the mask part of the address, the <parameter>decode_mask</parameter>
which masks out the bits which are hardcoded and are therefore
not available for relocation and the values of the fixed bits.
The function tries to find a base that satisfies the given condition.
If the function fails it will return a zero range of type
<constant>ResEnd</constant>. Optionally it might be passed a list of
resource ranges to avoid.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
</para>
<para>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
Bool xf86CheckPciMemBase(pciVideoPtr pPci, memType base);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function checks that the memory base address specified matches
one of the PCI base address register values for the given PCI
device. This is mostly used to check that an externally provided
base address (e.g., from a config file) matches an actual value
allocated to a device.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
</para>
<para>
The following two functions are provided for special cases:
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void xf86RemoveEntityFromScreen(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn, int entityIndex);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function may be used to remove an entity from a screen. This
only makes sense if a screen has more than one entity assigned or
the screen is to be deleted. No test is made if the screen has
any entities left.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>ScreenInit Phase</title>
<para>
All that is required in this phase is to setup the RAC flags. Note that
it is also permissible to set these flags up in the PreInit phase. The
RAC flags are held in the <structfield>racIoFlags</structfield> and <structfield>racMemFlags</structfield> fields of the
<structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname> for each screen. They specify which graphics operations
might require the use of shared resources. This can be specified
separately for memory and I/O resources. The available flags are defined
in <filename>rac/xf86RAC.h</filename>. They are:
<variablelist>
<varlistentry><term><constant>RAC_FB</constant></term>
<listitem><para>
for framebuffer operations (including hw acceleration)
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term><constant>RAC_CURSOR</constant></term>
<listitem><para>
for Cursor operations
(??? I'm not sure if we need this for SW cursor it depends
on which level the sw cursor is drawn)
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term><constant>RAC_COLORMAP</constant></term>
<listitem><para>
for colormap operations
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term><constant>RAC_VIEWPORT</constant></term>
<listitem><para>
for the call to <function>ChipAdjustFrame()</function>
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
</variablelist>
The flags are ORed together.
</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="options">
<title>Config file <quote>Option</quote> entries</title>
<para>
Option entries are permitted in most sections and subsections of the
config file. There are two forms of option entries:
<variablelist>
<varlistentry><term>Option "option-name"</term>
<listitem><para>
A boolean option.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term>Option "option-name" "option-value"</term>
<listitem><para>
An option with an arbitrary value.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
<para>
The option entries are handled by the parser, and a list of the parsed
options is included with each of the appropriate data structures that
the drivers have access to. The data structures used to hold the option
information are opaque to the driver, and a driver must not access the
option data directly. Instead, the common layer provides a set of
functions that may be used to access, check and manipulate the option
data.
</para>
<para>
First, the low level option handling functions. In most cases drivers
would not need to use these directly.
</para>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
XF86OptionPtr xf86FindOption(XF86OptionPtr options, const char *name);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Takes a list of options and an option name, and returns a handle
for the first option entry in the list matching the name. Returns
<constant>NULL</constant> if no match is found.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
const char *xf86FindOptionValue(XF86OptionPtr options, const char *name);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Takes a list of options and an option name, and returns the value
associated with the first option entry in the list matching the
name. If the matching option has no value, an empty string
(<constant>""</constant>) is returned. Returns <constant>NULL</constant>
if no match is found.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void xf86MarkOptionUsed(XF86OptionPtr option);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Takes a handle for an option, and marks that option as used.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void xf86MarkOptionUsedByName(XF86OptionPtr options, const char *name);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Takes a list of options and an option name and marks the first
option entry in the list matching the name as used.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<para>
Next, the higher level functions that most drivers would use.
</para>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void xf86CollectOptions(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn, XF86OptionPtr extraOpts);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Collect the options from each of the config file sections used by
the screen (<parameter>pScrn</parameter>) and return the merged list as
<structfield>pScrn-&gt;options</structfield>. This function requires that
<structfield>pScrn-&gt;confScreen</structfield>, <structfield>pScrn-&gt;display</structfield>,
<structfield>pScrn-&gt;monitor</structfield>,
<structfield>pScrn-&gt;numEntities</structfield>, and
<structfield>pScrn-&gt;entityList</structfield> are initialised.
<parameter>extraOpts</parameter> may optionally be set to an additional
list of options to be combined with the others. The order of
precedence for options is <parameter>extraOpts</parameter>, display,
confScreen, monitor, device.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void xf86ProcessOptions(int scrnIndex, XF86OptionPtr options,
OptionInfoPtr optinfo);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Processes a list of options according to the information in the
array of <structname>OptionInfoRecs</structname> (<parameter>optinfo</parameter>).
The resulting information is stored in the <structfield>value</structfield>
fields of the appropriate <parameter>optinfo</parameter> entries. The
<structfield>found</structfield> fields are set to <constant>TRUE</constant>
when an option with a value of the correct type if found, and
<constant>FALSE</constant> otherwise. The <structfield>type</structfield> field
is used to determine the expected value type for each option.
Each option in the list of options for which there is a name match
(but not necessarily a value type match) is marked as used.
Warning messages are printed when option values don't match the
types specified in the optinfo data.
</para>
<para>
NOTE: If this function is called before a driver's screen number
is known (e.g., from the <function>ChipProbe()</function> function) a
<parameter>scrnIndex</parameter> value of <constant>-1</constant> should be
used.
</para>
<para>
NOTE 2: Given that this function stores into the
<literal remap="tt">OptionInfoRecs</literal> pointed to by <parameter>optinfo</parameter>,
the caller should ensure the <literal remap="tt">OptionInfoRecs</literal> are
(re-)initialised before the call, especially if the caller expects
to use the predefined option values as defaults.
</para>
<para>
The <structname>OptionInfoRec</structname> is defined as follows:
<programlisting>
typedef struct {
double freq;
int units;
} OptFrequency;
typedef union {
unsigned long num;
char * str;
double realnum;
Bool bool;
OptFrequency freq;
} ValueUnion;
typedef enum {
OPTV_NONE = 0,
OPTV_INTEGER,
OPTV_STRING, /* a non-empty string */
OPTV_ANYSTR, /* Any string, including an empty one */
OPTV_REAL,
OPTV_BOOLEAN,
OPTV_PERCENT,
OPTV_FREQ
} OptionValueType;
typedef enum {
OPTUNITS_HZ = 1,
OPTUNITS_KHZ,
OPTUNITS_MHZ
} OptFreqUnits;
typedef struct {
int token;
const char* name;
OptionValueType type;
ValueUnion value;
Bool found;
} OptionInfoRec, *OptionInfoPtr;
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
<constant>OPTV_FREQ</constant> can be used for options values that are
frequencies. These values are a floating point number with an
optional unit name appended. The unit name can be one of "Hz",
"kHz", "k", "MHz", "M". The multiplier associated with the unit
is stored in <structfield>freq.units</structfield>, and the scaled frequency
is stored in <structfield>freq.freq</structfield>. When no unit is specified,
<structfield>freq.units</structfield> is set to <constant>0</constant>, and
<structfield>freq.freq</structfield> is unscaled.
</para>
<para>
<constant>OPTV_PERCENT</constant> can be used for option values that are
specified in percent (e.g. "20%"). These values are a floating point
number with a percent sign appended. If the percent sign is missing,
the parser will fail to match the value.
</para>
<para>
Typical usage is to setup an array of
<structname>OptionInfoRec</structname>s with all fields initialised.
The <structfield>value</structfield> and <structfield>found</structfield> fields get
set by <function>xf86ProcessOptions()</function>. For cases where the
value parsing is more complex, the driver should specify
<constant>OPTV_STRING</constant>, and parse the string itself. An
example of using this option handling is included in the
<link linkend="sample">Sample Driver</link> section.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void xf86ShowUnusedOptions(int scrnIndex, XF86OptionPtr options);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Prints out warning messages for each option in the list of options
that isn't marked as used. This is intended to show options that
the driver hasn't recognised. It would normally be called near
the end of the <function>ChipScreenInit()</function> function, but only
when <code>serverGeneration&nbsp;==&nbsp;1</code>
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
OptionInfoPtr xf86TokenToOptinfo(const OptionInfoRec *table,
int token);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Returns a pointer to the <structname>OptionInfoRec</structname> in
<parameter>table</parameter> with a token field matching
<parameter>token</parameter>. Returns <constant>NULL</constant> if no match
is found.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
Bool xf86IsOptionSet(const OptionInfoRec *table, int token);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Returns the <literal remap="tt">found</literal> field of the
<structname>OptionInfoRec</structname> in <parameter>table</parameter> with a
<structfield>token</structfield> field matching <parameter>token</parameter>. This
can be used for options of all types. Note that for options of
type <constant>OPTV_BOOLEAN</constant>, it isn't sufficient to check
this to determine the value of the option. Returns
<constant>FALSE</constant> if no match is found.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
char *xf86GetOptValString(const OptionInfoRec *table, int token);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Returns the <structfield>value.str</structfield> field of the
<structname>OptionInfoRec</structname> in <parameter>table</parameter> with a
token field matching <parameter>token</parameter>. Returns
<constant>NULL</constant> if no match is found.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
Bool xf86GetOptValInteger(const OptionInfoRec *table, int token,
int *value);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Returns via <parameter>*value</parameter> the <structfield>value.num</structfield>
field of the <structname>OptionInfoRec</structname> in <parameter>table</parameter>
with a <structfield>token</structfield> field matching <parameter>token</parameter>.
<parameter>*value</parameter> is only changed when a match is found so
it can be safely initialised with a default prior to calling this
function. The function return value is as for
<function>xf86IsOptionSet()</function>.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
Bool xf86GetOptValULong(const OptionInfoRec *table, int token,
unsigned long *value);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Like <function>xf86GetOptValInteger()</function>, except the value is
treated as an <type>unsigned long</type>.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
Bool xf86GetOptValReal(const OptionInfoRec *table, int token,
double *value);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Like <function>xf86GetOptValInteger()</function>, except that
<structfield>value.realnum</structfield> is used.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
Bool xf86GetOptValFreq(const OptionInfoRec *table, int token,
OptFreqUnits expectedUnits, double *value);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Like <function>xf86GetOptValInteger()</function>, except that the
<structfield>value.freq</structfield> data is returned. The frequency value
is scaled to the units indicated by <parameter>expectedUnits</parameter>.
The scaling is exact when the units were specified explicitly in
the option's value. Otherwise, the <parameter>expectedUnits</parameter>
field is used as a hint when doing the scaling. In this case,
values larger than <constant>1000</constant> are assumed to have be
specified in the next smallest units. For example, if the Option
value is "10000" and expectedUnits is <constant>OPTUNITS_MHZ</constant>,
the value returned is <constant>10</constant>.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
Bool xf86GetOptValBool(const OptionInfoRec *table, int token, Bool *value);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function is used to check boolean options
(<constant>OPTV_BOOLEAN</constant>). If the function return value is
<constant>FALSE</constant>, it means the option wasn't set. Otherwise
<parameter>*value</parameter> is set to the boolean value indicated by
the option's value. No option <parameter>value</parameter> is interpreted
as <constant>TRUE</constant>. Option values meaning <constant>TRUE</constant>
are "1", "yes", "on", "true", and option values meaning
<constant>FALSE</constant> are "0", "no", "off", "false". Option names
both with the "no" prefix in their names, and with that prefix
removed are also checked and handled in the obvious way.
<parameter>*value</parameter> is not changed when the option isn't present.
It should normally be set to a default value before calling this
function.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
Bool xf86ReturnOptValBool(const OptionInfoRec *table, int token, Bool def);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function is used to check boolean options
(<constant>OPTV_BOOLEAN</constant>). If the option is set, its value
is returned. If the options is not set, the default value specified
by <parameter>def</parameter> is returned. The option interpretation is
the same as for <function>xf86GetOptValBool()</function>.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
int xf86NameCmp(const char *s1, const char *s2);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function should be used when comparing strings from the config
file with expected values. It works like <function>strcmp()</function>,
but is not case sensitive and space, tab, and <quote><literal>_</literal></quote> characters
are ignored in the comparison. The use of this function isn't
restricted to parsing option values. It may be used anywhere
where this functionality required.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
</sect1>
<sect1>
<title>Modules, Drivers, Include Files and Interface Issues</title>
<para>
NOTE: this section is incomplete.
</para>
<sect2>
<title>Include files</title>
<para>
The following include files are typically required by video drivers:
<blockquote><para>
All drivers should include these:
<literallayout><filename>
"xf86.h"
"xf86_OSproc.h"
"xf86_ansic.h"
"xf86Resources.h"
</filename></literallayout>
Wherever inb/outb (and related things) are used the following should be
included:
<literallayout><filename>
"compiler.h"
</filename></literallayout>
Note: in drivers, this must be included after <filename>"xf86_ansic.h"</filename>.
</para>
<para>
Drivers that need to access the PCI config space need this:
<literallayout><filename>
"xf86Pci.h"
</filename></literallayout>
</para>
<para>
Drivers that initialise a SW cursor need this:
<literallayout><filename>
"mipointer.h"
</filename></literallayout>
</para>
<para>
All drivers using the mi colourmap code need this:
<literallayout><filename>
"micmap.h"
</filename></literallayout>
</para>
<para>
If a driver uses the vgahw module, it needs this:
<literallayout><filename>
"vgaHW.h"
</filename></literallayout>
</para>
<para>
Drivers supporting VGA or Hercules monochrome screens need:
<literallayout><filename>
"xf1bpp.h"
</filename></literallayout>
</para>
<para>
Drivers supporting VGA or EGC 16-colour screens need:
<literallayout><filename>
"xf4bpp.h"
</filename></literallayout>
</para>
<para>
Drivers using cfb need:
<programlisting>
#define PSZ 8
#include "cfb.h"
#undef PSZ
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
Drivers supporting bpp 16, 24 or 32 with cfb need one or more of:
<literallayout><filename>
"cfb16.h"
"cfb24.h"
"cfb32.h"
</filename></literallayout>
</para>
<para>
If a driver uses the fb manager, it needs this:
<literallayout><filename>
"xf86fbman.h"
</filename></literallayout>
</para>
</blockquote>
</para>
<para>
Non-driver modules should include <filename>"xf86_ansic.h"</filename> to get the correct
wrapping of ANSI C/libc functions.
</para>
<para>
All modules must NOT include any system include files, or the following:
<literallayout><filename>
"xf86Priv.h"
"xf86Privstr.h"
"xf86_OSlib.h"
"Xos.h"
</filename></literallayout>
</para>
<para>
In addition, "xf86_libc.h" must not be included explicitly. It is
included implicitly by "xf86_ansic.h".
</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1>
<title>Offscreen Memory Manager</title>
<para>
Management of offscreen video memory may be handled by the XFree86
framebuffer manager. Once the offscreen memory manager is running,
drivers or extensions may allocate, free or resize areas of offscreen
video memory using the following functions (definitions taken from
<filename>xf86fbman.h</filename>):
<programlisting>
typedef struct _FBArea {
ScreenPtr pScreen;
BoxRec box;
int granularity;
void (*MoveAreaCallback)(struct _FBArea*, struct _FBArea*)
void (*RemoveAreaCallback)(struct _FBArea*)
DevUnion devPrivate;
} FBArea, *FBAreaPtr;
typedef void (*MoveAreaCallbackProcPtr)(FBAreaPtr from, FBAreaPtr to)
typedef void (*RemoveAreaCallbackProcPtr)(FBAreaPtr)
FBAreaPtr xf86AllocateOffscreenArea (
ScreenPtr pScreen,
int width, int height,
int granularity,
MoveAreaCallbackProcPtr MoveAreaCallback,
RemoveAreaCallbackProcPtr RemoveAreaCallback,
pointer privData
)
void xf86FreeOffscreenArea (FBAreaPtr area)
Bool xf86ResizeOffscreenArea (
FBAreaPtr area
int w, int h
)
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
The function:
<programlisting>
Bool xf86FBManagerRunning(ScreenPtr pScreen);
</programlisting>
can be used by an extension to check if the driver has initialized
the memory manager. The manager is not available if this returns
<constant>FALSE</constant> and the functions above will all fail.
</para>
<para>
<function>xf86AllocateOffscreenArea()</function> can be used to request a
rectangle of dimensions <parameter>width</parameter>&nbsp;&times;&nbsp;<parameter>height</parameter>
(in pixels) from unused offscreen memory. <parameter>granularity</parameter>
specifies that the leftmost edge of the rectangle must lie on some
multiple of <parameter>granularity</parameter> pixels. A granularity of zero
means the same thing as a granularity of one - no alignment preference.
A <parameter>MoveAreaCallback</parameter> can be provided to notify the requester
when the offscreen area is moved. If no <parameter>MoveAreaCallback</parameter>
is supplied then the area is considered to be immovable. The
<parameter>privData</parameter> field will be stored in the manager's internal
structure for that allocated area and will be returned to the requester
in the <parameter>FBArea</parameter> passed via the
<parameter>MoveAreaCallback</parameter>. An optional
<parameter>RemoveAreaCallback</parameter> is provided. If the driver provides
this it indicates that the area should be allocated with a lower priority.
Such an area may be removed when a higher priority request (one that
doesn't have a <parameter>RemoveAreaCallback</parameter>) is made. When this
function is called, the driver will have an opportunity to do whatever
cleanup it needs to do to deal with the loss of the area, but it must
finish its cleanup before the function exits since the offscreen memory
manager will free the area immediately after.
</para>
<para>
<function>xf86AllocateOffscreenArea()</function> returns <constant>NULL</constant>
if it was unable to allocate the requested area. When no longer needed,
areas should be freed with <function>xf86FreeOffscreenArea()</function>.
</para>
<para>
<function>xf86ResizeOffscreenArea()</function> resizes an existing
<literal remap="tt">FBArea</literal>. <function>xf86ResizeOffscreenArea()</function>
returns <constant>TRUE</constant> if the resize was successful. If
<function>xf86ResizeOffscreenArea()</function> returns <constant>FALSE</constant>,
the original <literal remap="tt">FBArea</literal> is left unmodified. Resizing an
area maintains the area's original <literal remap="tt">granularity</literal>,
<literal remap="tt">devPrivate</literal>, and <literal remap="tt">MoveAreaCallback</literal>.
<function>xf86ResizeOffscreenArea()</function> has considerably less overhead
than freeing the old area then reallocating the new size, so it should
be used whenever possible.
</para>
<para>
The function:
<programlisting>
Bool xf86QueryLargestOffscreenArea(
ScreenPtr pScreen,
int *width, int *height,
int granularity,
int preferences,
int priority
);
</programlisting>
is provided to query the width and height of the largest single
<structname>FBArea</structname> allocatable given a particular priority.
<parameter>preferences</parameter> can be one of the following to indicate
whether width, height or area should be considered when determining
which is the largest single <structname>FBArea</structname> available.
<programlisting>
FAVOR_AREA_THEN_WIDTH
FAVOR_AREA_THEN_HEIGHT
FAVOR_WIDTH_THEN_AREA
FAVOR_HEIGHT_THEN_AREA
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
<parameter>priority</parameter> is one of the following:
<blockquote>
<para>
<constant>PRIORITY_LOW</constant>
<blockquote><para>
Return the largest block available without stealing anyone else's
space. This corresponds to the priority of allocating a
<structname>FBArea</structname> when a <function>RemoveAreaCallback</function>
is provided.
</para></blockquote>
</para>
<para>
<constant>PRIORITY_NORMAL</constant>
<blockquote><para>
Return the largest block available if it is acceptable to steal a
lower priority area from someone. This corresponds to the priority
of allocating a <structname>FBArea</structname> without providing a
<function>RemoveAreaCallback</function>.
</para></blockquote>
</para>
<para>
<constant>PRIORITY_EXTREME</constant>
<blockquote><para>
Return the largest block available if all <structname>FBArea</structname>s
that aren't locked down were expunged from memory first. This
corresponds to any allocation made directly after a call to
<function>xf86PurgeUnlockedOffscreenAreas()</function>.
</para></blockquote>
</para>
</blockquote>
</para>
<para>
The function:
<programlisting>
Bool xf86PurgeUnlockedOffscreenAreas(ScreenPtr pScreen);
</programlisting>
is provided as an extreme method to free up offscreen memory. This
will remove all removable <structname>FBArea</structname> allocations.
</para>
<para>
Initialization of the XFree86 framebuffer manager is done via
<programlisting>
Bool xf86InitFBManager(ScreenPtr pScreen, BoxPtr FullBox);
</programlisting>
<parameter>FullBox</parameter> represents the area of the framebuffer that the
manager is allowed to manage. This is typically a box with a width of
<structfield>pScrn-&gt;displayWidth</structfield> and a height of as many lines as
can be fit within the total video memory, however, the driver can reserve
areas at the extremities by passing a smaller area to the manager.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="cmap">
<title>Colormap Handling</title>
<para>
A generic colormap handling layer is provided within the XFree86 common
layer. This layer takes care of most of the details, and only requires
a function from the driver that loads the hardware palette when required.
To use the colormap layer, a driver calls the
<function>xf86HandleColormaps()</function> function.
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
Bool xf86HandleColormaps(ScreenPtr pScreen, int maxColors,
int sigRGBbits, LoadPaletteFuncPtr loadPalette,
SetOverscanFuncPtr setOverscan,
unsigned int flags);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function must be called after the default colormap has been
initialised. The <structfield>pScrn-&gt;gamma</structfield> field must also
be initialised, preferably by calling <function>xf86SetGamma()</function>.
<parameter>maxColors</parameter> is the number of entries in the palette.
<parameter>sigRGBbits</parameter> is the size in bits of each color
component in the DAC's palette. <parameter>loadPalette</parameter>
is a driver-provided function for loading a colormap into the
hardware, and is described below. <parameter>setOverscan</parameter> is
an optional function that may be provided when the overscan color
is an index from the standard LUT and when it needs to be adjusted
to keep it as close to black as possible. The
<parameter>setOverscan</parameter> function programs the overscan index.
It shouldn't normally be used for depths other than 8.
<parameter>setOverscan</parameter> should be set to <constant>NULL</constant>
when it isn't needed. <parameter>flags</parameter> may be set to the
following (which may be ORed together):
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>CMAP_PALETTED_TRUECOLOR</constant></term>
<listitem><para>
the TrueColor visual is paletted and is
just a special case of DirectColor.
This flag is only valid for
<code>bpp&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;8</code>.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>CMAP_RELOAD_ON_MODE_SWITCH</constant></term>
<listitem><para>
reload the colormap automatically
after mode switches. This is useful
for when the driver is resetting the
hardware during mode switches and
corrupting or erasing the hardware
palette.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>CMAP_LOAD_EVEN_IF_OFFSCREEN</constant></term>
<listitem><para>
reload the colormap even if the screen
is switched out of the server's VC.
The palette is <emphasis>not</emphasis> reloaded when
the screen is switched back in, nor after
mode switches. This is useful when the
driver needs to keep track of palette
changes.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
<para>
The colormap layer normally reloads the palette after VT enters so it
is not necessary for the driver to save and restore the palette
when switching VTs. The driver must, however, still save the
initial palette during server start up and restore it during
server exit.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void LoadPalette(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn, int numColors, int *indices,
LOCO *colors, VisualPtr pVisual);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
<function>LoadPalette()</function> is a driver-provided function for
loading a colormap into hardware. <parameter>colors</parameter> is the
array of RGB values that represent the full colormap.
<parameter>indices</parameter> is a list of index values into the colors
array. These indices indicate the entries that need to be updated.
<parameter>numColors</parameter> is the number of the indices to be
updated.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void SetOverscan(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn, int overscan);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
<function>SetOverscan()</function> is a driver-provided function for
programming the <parameter>overscan</parameter> index. As described
above, it is normally only appropriate for LUT modes where all
colormap entries are available for the display, but where one of
them is also used for the overscan (typically 8bpp for VGA compatible
LUTs). It isn't required in cases where the overscan area is
never visible.
</para>
</blockquote></para>
</blockquote></para>
</sect1>
<sect1>
<title>DPMS Extension</title>
<para>
Support code for the DPMS extension is included in the XFree86 common layer.
This code provides an interface between the main extension code, and a means
for drivers to initialise DPMS when they support it. One function is
available to drivers to do this initialisation, and it is always available,
even when the DPMS extension is not supported by the core server (in
which case it returns a failure result).
</para>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
Bool xf86DPMSInit(ScreenPtr pScreen, DPMSSetProcPtr set, int flags);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function registers a driver's DPMS level programming function
<parameter>set</parameter>. It also checks
<structfield>pScrn-&gt;options</structfield> for the "dpms" option, and when
present marks DPMS as being enabled for that screen. The
<parameter>set</parameter> function is called whenever the DPMS level
changes, and is used to program the requested level.
<parameter>flags</parameter> is currently not used, and should be
<constant>0</constant>. If the initialisation fails for any reason,
including when there is no DPMS support in the core server, the
function returns <constant>FALSE</constant>.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<para>
Drivers that implement DPMS support must provide the following function,
that gets called when the DPMS level is changed:
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void ChipDPMSSet(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn, int level, int flags);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Program the DPMS level specified by <parameter>level</parameter>. Valid
values of <parameter>level</parameter> are <constant>DPMSModeOn</constant>,
<constant>DPMSModeStandby</constant>, <constant>DPMSModeSuspend</constant>,
<constant>DPMSModeOff</constant>. These values are defined in
<filename>"extensions/dpms.h"</filename>.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1>
<title>DGA Extension</title>
<para>
Drivers can support the XFree86 Direct Graphics Architecture (DGA) by
filling out a structure of function pointers and a list of modes and
passing them to DGAInit.
</para>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
Bool DGAInit(ScreenPtr pScreen, DGAFunctionPtr funcs,
DGAModePtr modes, int num);
/** The DGAModeRec **/
typedef struct {
int num;
DisplayModePtr mode;
int flags;
int imageWidth;
int imageHeight;
int pixmapWidth;
int pixmapHeight;
int bytesPerScanline;
int byteOrder;
int depth;
int bitsPerPixel;
unsigned long red_mask;
unsigned long green_mask;
unsigned long blue_mask;
int viewportWidth;
int viewportHeight;
int xViewportStep;
int yViewportStep;
int maxViewportX;
int maxViewportY;
int viewportFlags;
int offset;
unsigned char *address;
int reserved1;
int reserved2;
} DGAModeRec, *DGAModePtr;
</programlisting>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>num</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
Can be ignored. The DGA DDX will assign these numbers.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>mode</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
A pointer to the <structname>DisplayModeRec</structname> for this mode.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>flags</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
The following flags are defined and may be OR'd together:
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>DGA_CONCURRENT_ACCESS</constant></term>
<listitem><para>
Indicates that the driver supports concurrent graphics
accelerator and linear framebuffer access.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>DGA_FILL_RECT
DGA_BLIT_RECT
DGA_BLIT_RECT_TRANS</constant></term>
<listitem><para>
Indicates that the driver supports the FillRect, BlitRect
or BlitTransRect functions in this mode.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>DGA_PIXMAP_AVAILABLE</constant></term>
<listitem><para>
Indicates that Xlib may be used on the framebuffer.
This flag will usually be set unless the driver wishes
to prohibit this for some reason.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>DGA_INTERLACED
DGA_DOUBLESCAN</constant></term>
<listitem><para>
Indicates that these are interlaced or double scan modes.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>imageWidth
imageHeight</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
These are the dimensions of the linear framebuffer
accessible by the client.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>pixmapWidth
pixmapHeight</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
These are the dimensions of the area of the
framebuffer accessible by the graphics accelerator.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>bytesPerScanline</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
Pitch of the framebuffer in bytes.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>byteOrder</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
Usually the same as
<structfield>pScrn-&gt;imageByteOrder</structfield>.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>depth</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
The depth of the framebuffer in this mode.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>bitsPerPixel</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
The number of bits per pixel in this mode.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>red_mask</structfield></term>
<term><structfield>green_mask</structfield></term>
<term><structfield>blue_mask</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
The RGB masks for this mode, if applicable.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>viewportWidth</structfield></term>
<term><structfield>viewportHeight</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
Dimensions of the visible part of the framebuffer.
Usually <structfield>mode-&gt;HDisplay</structfield> and
<structfield>mode-&gt;VDisplay</structfield>.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>xViewportStep
yViewportStep</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
The granularity of x and y viewport positions that
the driver supports in this mode.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>maxViewportX
maxViewportY</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
The maximum viewport position supported by the
driver in this mode.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>viewportFlags</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
The following may be OR'd together:
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>DGA_FLIP_IMMEDIATE</constant></term>
<listitem><para>
The driver supports immediate viewport changes.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>DGA_FLIP_RETRACE</constant></term>
<listitem><para>
The driver supports viewport changes at retrace.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>offset</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
The offset into the linear framebuffer that corresponds to
pixel (0,0) for this mode.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>address</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
The virtual address of the framebuffer as mapped by the driver.
This is needed when DGA_PIXMAP_AVAILABLE is set.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<programlisting>
/** The DGAFunctionRec **/
typedef struct {
Bool (*OpenFramebuffer)(
ScrnInfoPtr pScrn,
char **name,
unsigned char **mem,
int *size,
int *offset,
int *extra
);
void (*CloseFramebuffer)(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn);
Bool (*SetMode)(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn, DGAModePtr pMode);
void (*SetViewport)(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn, int x, int y, int flags);
int (*GetViewport)(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn);
void (*Sync)(ScrnInfoPtr);
void (*FillRect)(
ScrnInfoPtr pScrn,
int x, int y, int w, int h,
unsigned long color
);
void (*BlitRect)(
ScrnInfoPtr pScrn,
int srcx, int srcy,
int w, int h,
int dstx, int dsty
);
void (*BlitTransRect)(
ScrnInfoPtr pScrn,
int srcx, int srcy,
int w, int h,
int dstx, int dsty,
unsigned long color
);
} DGAFunctionRec, *DGAFunctionPtr;
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
Bool OpenFramebuffer (pScrn, name, mem, size, offset, extra);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
<function>OpenFramebuffer()</function> should pass the client everything
it needs to know to be able to open the framebuffer. These
parameters are OS specific and their meanings are to be interpreted
by an OS specific client library.
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>name</parameter></term>
<listitem><para>
The name of the device to open or <constant>NULL</constant> if
there is no special device to open. A <constant>NULL</constant>
name tells the client that it should open whatever device
one would usually open to access physical memory.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>mem</parameter></term>
<listitem><para>
The physical address of the start of the framebuffer.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>size</parameter></term>
<listitem><para>
The size of the framebuffer in bytes.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>offset</parameter></term>
<listitem><para>
Any offset into the device, if applicable.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>flags</parameter></term>
<listitem><para>
Any additional information that the client may need.
Currently, only the <constant>DGA_NEED_ROOT</constant> flag is
defined.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para></blockquote>
</para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void CloseFramebuffer (pScrn);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
<function>CloseFramebuffer()</function> merely informs the driver (if it
even cares) that client no longer needs to access the framebuffer
directly. This function is optional.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
Bool SetMode (pScrn, pMode);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
<function>SetMode()</function> tells the driver to initialize the mode
passed to it. If <parameter>pMode</parameter> is <constant>NULL</constant>,
then the driver should restore the original pre-DGA mode.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void SetViewport (pScrn, x, y, flags);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
<function>SetViewport()</function> tells the driver to make the upper
left-hand corner of the visible screen correspond to coordinate
<literal remap="tt">(x,y)</literal> on the framebuffer. <parameter>flags</parameter>
currently defined are:
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>DGA_FLIP_IMMEDIATE</constant></term>
<listitem><para>
The viewport change should occur immediately.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>DGA_FLIP_RETRACE</constant></term>
<listitem><para>
The viewport change should occur at the
vertical retrace, but this function should
return sooner if possible.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
<para>
The <literal remap="tt">(x,y)</literal> locations will be passed as the client
specified them, however, the driver is expected to round these
locations down to the next supported location as specified by the
<structfield>xViewportStep</structfield> and <structfield>yViewportStep</structfield>
for the current mode.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
int GetViewport (pScrn);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
<function>GetViewport()</function> gets the current page flip status.
Set bits in the returned int correspond to viewport change requests
still pending. For instance, set bit zero if the last SetViewport
request is still pending, bit one if the one before that is still
pending, etc.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void Sync (pScrn);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function should ensure that any graphics accelerator operations
have finished. This function should not return until the graphics
accelerator is idle.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void FillRect (pScrn, x, y, w, h, color);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This optional function should fill a rectangle
<parameter>w&nbsp;&times;&nbsp;h</parameter> located at
<parameter>(x,y)</parameter> in the given color.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void BlitRect (pScrn, srcx, srcy, w, h, dstx, dsty);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This optional function should copy an area
<parameter>w&nbsp;&times;&nbsp;h</parameter> located at
<parameter>(srcx,srcy)</parameter> to location <parameter>(dstx,dsty)</parameter>.
This function will need to handle copy directions as appropriate.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void BlitTransRect (pScrn, srcx, srcy, w, h, dstx, dsty, color);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This optional function is the same as BlitRect except that pixels
in the source corresponding to the color key <parameter>color</parameter>
should be skipped.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
</para></blockquote>
</sect1>
<sect1>
<title>The XFree86 X Video Extension (Xv) Device Dependent Layer</title>
<para>
XFree86 offers the X Video Extension which allows clients to treat video
as any another primitive and <quote>Put</quote> video into drawables. By default,
the extension reports no video adaptors as being available since the
DDX layer has not been initialized. The driver can initialize the DDX
layer by filling out one or more <literal remap="tt">XF86VideoAdaptorRecs</literal>
as described later in this document and passing a list of
<literal remap="tt">XF86VideoAdaptorPtr</literal> pointers to the following function:
<programlisting>
Bool xf86XVScreenInit(ScreenPtr pScreen,
XF86VideoAdaptorPtr *adaptPtrs,
int num);
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
After doing this, the extension will report video adaptors as being
available, providing the data in their respective
<literal remap="tt">XF86VideoAdaptorRecs</literal> was valid.
<function>xf86XVScreenInit()</function> <emphasis>copies</emphasis> data from the structure
passed to it so the driver may free it after the initialization. At
the moment, the DDX only supports rendering into Window drawables.
Pixmap rendering will be supported after a sufficient survey of suitable
hardware is completed.
</para>
<para>
The <structname>XF86VideoAdaptorRec</structname>:
<programlisting>
typedef struct {
unsigned int type;
int flags;
char *name;
int nEncodings;
XF86VideoEncodingPtr pEncodings;
int nFormats;
XF86VideoFormatPtr pFormats;
int nPorts;
DevUnion *pPortPrivates;
int nAttributes;
XF86AttributePtr pAttributes;
int nImages;
XF86ImagePtr pImages;
PutVideoFuncPtr PutVideo;
PutStillFuncPtr PutStill;
GetVideoFuncPtr GetVideo;
GetStillFuncPtr GetStill;
StopVideoFuncPtr StopVideo;
SetPortAttributeFuncPtr SetPortAttribute;
GetPortAttributeFuncPtr GetPortAttribute;
QueryBestSizeFuncPtr QueryBestSize;
PutImageFuncPtr PutImage;
QueryImageAttributesFuncPtr QueryImageAttributes;
} XF86VideoAdaptorRec, *XF86VideoAdaptorPtr;
</programlisting></para>
<para>
Each adaptor will have its own XF86VideoAdaptorRec. The fields are
as follows:
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>type</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
This can be any of the following flags OR'd together.
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>XvInputMask</constant>
<constant>XvOutputMask</constant></term>
<listitem><para>
These refer to the target drawable and are similar to a Window's
class. <literal remap="tt">XvInputMask</literal> indicates that the adaptor
can put video into a drawable. <literal remap="tt">XvOutputMask</literal>
indicates that the adaptor can get video from a drawable.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>XvVideoMask</constant>
<constant>XvStillMask</constant>
<constant>XvImageMask</constant></term>
<listitem><para>
These indicate that the adaptor supports video, still or
image primitives respectively.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>XvWindowMask</constant>
<constant>XvPixmapMask</constant></term>
<listitem><para>
These indicate the types of drawables the adaptor is capable
of rendering into. At the moment, Pixmap rendering is not
supported and the <constant>XvPixmapMask</constant> flag is ignored.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>flags</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
Currently, the following flags are defined:
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>VIDEO_OVERLAID_STILLS</constant></term>
<listitem><para>
Implementing PutStill for hardware that does video as an
overlay can be awkward since it's unclear how long to leave
the video up for. When this flag is set, StopVideo will be
called whenever the destination gets clipped or moved so that
the still can be left up until then.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>VIDEO_OVERLAID_IMAGES</constant></term>
<listitem><para>
Same as <constant>VIDEO_OVERLAID_STILLS</constant> but for images.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>VIDEO_CLIP_TO_VIEWPORT</constant></term>
<listitem><para>
Indicates that the clip region passed to the driver functions
should be clipped to the visible portion of the screen in the
case where the viewport is smaller than the virtual desktop.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>name</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
The name of the adaptor.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>nEncodings</structfield>
<structfield>pEncodings</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
The number of encodings the adaptor is capable of and pointer
to the <structname>XF86VideoEncodingRec</structname> array. The
<structname>XF86VideoEncodingRec</structname> is described later on.
For drivers that only support XvImages there should be an encoding
named "XV_IMAGE" and the width and height should specify
the maximum size source image supported.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>nFormats</structfield>
<structfield>pFormats</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
The number of formats the adaptor is capable of and pointer to
the <structname>XF86VideoFormatRec</structname> array. The
<structname>XF86VideoFormatRec</structname> is described later on.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>nPorts</structfield>
<structfield>pPortPrivates</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
The number of ports is the number of separate data streams which
the adaptor can handle simultaneously. If you have more than
one port, the adaptor is expected to be able to render into more
than one window at a time. <structfield>pPortPrivates</structfield> is
an array of pointers or ints - one for each port. A port's
private data will be passed to the driver any time the port is
requested to do something like put the video or stop the video.
In the case where there may be many ports, this enables the
driver to know which port the request is intended for. Most
commonly, this will contain a pointer to the data structure
containing information about the port. In Xv, all ports on
a particular adaptor are expected to be identical in their
functionality.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>nAttributes</structfield>
<structfield>pAttributes</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
The number of attributes recognized by the adaptor and a pointer to
the array of <structname>XF86AttributeRecs</structname>. The
<structname>XF86AttributeRec</structname> is described later on.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>nImages</structfield>
<structfield>pImages</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
The number of <structname>XF86ImageRecs</structname> supported by the adaptor
and a pointer to the array of <structname>XF86ImageRecs</structname>. The
<structname>XF86ImageRec</structname> is described later on.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>
PutVideo PutStill GetVideo GetStill StopVideo
SetPortAttribute GetPortAttribute QueryBestSize PutImage
QueryImageAttributes
</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
These functions define the DDX-&gt;driver interface. In each
case, the pointer <parameter>data</parameter> is passed to the driver.
This is the port private for that port as described above. All
fields are required except under the following conditions:
<orderedlist>
<listitem><para>
<structfield>PutVideo</structfield>, <structfield>PutStill</structfield> and
the image routines <structfield>PutImage</structfield> and
<structfield>QueryImageAttributes</structfield> are not required when the
adaptor type does not contain <constant>XvInputMask</constant>.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
<structfield>GetVideo</structfield> and <structfield>GetStill</structfield>
are not required when the adaptor type does not contain
<constant>XvOutputMask</constant>.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
<structfield>GetVideo</structfield> and <structfield>PutVideo</structfield>
are not required when the adaptor type does not contain
<constant>XvVideoMask</constant>.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
<structfield>GetStill</structfield> and <structfield>PutStill</structfield>
are not required when the adaptor type does not contain
<constant>XvStillMask</constant>.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
<structfield>PutImage</structfield> and <structfield>QueryImageAttributes</structfield>
are not required when the adaptor type does not contain
<constant>XvImageMask</constant>.
</para></listitem>
</orderedlist>
</para>
<para>
With the exception of <structfield>QueryImageAttributes</structfield>, these
functions should return <constant>Success</constant> if the operation was
completed successfully. They can return <constant>XvBadAlloc</constant>
otherwise. <structfield>QueryImageAttributes</structfield> returns the size
of the XvImage queried.
</para>
<para>
<literal remap="tt">ClipBoxes</literal> is an <literal remap="tt">X-Y</literal>
banded region identical to those used throughout the server.
The clipBoxes represent the visible portions of the area determined
by <literal remap="tt">drw_x</literal>, <literal remap="tt">drw_y</literal>,
<literal remap="tt">drw_w</literal> and <literal remap="tt">drw_h</literal> in the Get/Put
function. The boxes are in screen coordinates, are guaranteed
not to overlap and an empty region will never be passed.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
typedef int (* PutVideoFuncPtr)( ScrnInfoPtr pScrn,
short vid_x, short vid_y, short drw_x, short drw_y,
short vid_w, short vid_h, short drw_w, short drw_h,
RegionPtr clipBoxes, pointer data );
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This indicates that the driver should take a subsection
<parameter>vid_w</parameter> by <parameter>vid_h</parameter> at location
<parameter>(vid_x,vid_y)</parameter> from the video stream and direct
it into the rectangle <parameter>drw_w</parameter> by <parameter>drw_h</parameter>
at location <parameter>(drw_x,drw_y)</parameter> on the screen, scaling as
necessary. Due to the large variations in capabilities of
the various hardware expected to be used with this extension,
it is not expected that all hardware will be able to do this
exactly as described. In that case the driver should just do
<quote>the best it can,</quote> scaling as closely to the target rectangle
as it can without rendering outside of it. In the worst case,
the driver can opt to just not turn on the video.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
typedef int (* PutStillFuncPtr)( ScrnInfoPtr pScrn,
short vid_x, short vid_y, short drw_x, short drw_y,
short vid_w, short vid_h, short drw_w, short drw_h,
RegionPtr clipBoxes, pointer data );
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This is same as <structfield>PutVideo</structfield> except that the driver
should place only one frame from the stream on the screen.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
typedef int (* GetVideoFuncPtr)( ScrnInfoPtr pScrn,
short vid_x, short vid_y, short drw_x, short drw_y,
short vid_w, short vid_h, short drw_w, short drw_h,
RegionPtr clipBoxes, pointer data );
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This is same as <structfield>PutVideo</structfield> except that the driver
gets video from the screen and outputs it. The driver should
do the best it can to get the requested dimensions correct
without reading from an area larger than requested.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
typedef int (* GetStillFuncPtr)( ScrnInfoPtr pScrn,
short vid_x, short vid_y, short drw_x, short drw_y,
short vid_w, short vid_h, short drw_w, short drw_h,
RegionPtr clipBoxes, pointer data );
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This is the same as <literal remap="tt">GetVideo</literal> except that the
driver should place only one frame from the screen into the
output stream.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
typedef void (* StopVideoFuncPtr)(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn,
pointer data, Bool cleanup);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This indicates the driver should stop displaying the video.
This is used to stop both input and output video. The
<parameter>cleanup</parameter> field indicates that the video is
being stopped because the client requested it to stop or
because the server is exiting the current VT. In that case
the driver should deallocate any offscreen memory areas (if
there are any) being used to put the video to the screen. If
<parameter>cleanup</parameter> is not set, the video is being stopped
temporarily due to clipping or moving of the window, etc...
and video will likely be restarted soon so the driver should
not deallocate any offscreen areas associated with that port.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
typedef int (* SetPortAttributeFuncPtr)(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn,
Atom attribute,INT32 value, pointer data);
</programlisting>
<programlisting>
typedef int (* GetPortAttributeFuncPtr)(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn,
Atom attribute,INT32 *value, pointer data);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
A port may have particular attributes such as hue,
saturation, brightness or contrast. Xv clients set and
get these attribute values by sending attribute strings
(Atoms) to the server. Such requests end up at these
driver functions. It is recommended that the driver provide
at least the following attributes mentioned in the Xv client
library docs:
<literallayout><constant>
XV_ENCODING
XV_HUE
XV_SATURATION
XV_BRIGHTNESS
XV_CONTRAST
</constant></literallayout>
but the driver may recognize as many atoms as it wishes. If
a requested attribute is unknown by the driver it should return
<constant>BadMatch</constant>. <constant>XV_ENCODING</constant> is the
attribute intended to let the client specify which video
encoding the particular port should be using (see the description
of <structname>XF86VideoEncodingRec</structname> below). If the
requested encoding is unsupported, the driver should return
<constant>XvBadEncoding</constant>. If the value lies outside the
advertised range <constant>BadValue</constant> may be returned.
<constant>Success</constant> should be returned otherwise.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
typedef void (* QueryBestSizeFuncPtr)(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn,
Bool motion, short vid_w, short vid_h,
short drw_w, short drw_h,
unsigned int *p_w, unsigned int *p_h, pointer data);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
<function>QueryBestSize</function> provides the client with a way
to query what the destination dimensions would end up being
if they were to request that an area
<parameter>vid_w</parameter> by <parameter>vid_h</parameter> from the video
stream be scaled to rectangle of
<parameter>drw_w</parameter> by <parameter>drw_h</parameter> on the screen.
Since it is not expected that all hardware will be able to
get the target dimensions exactly, it is important that the
driver provide this function.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
typedef int (* PutImageFuncPtr)( ScrnInfoPtr pScrn,
short src_x, short src_y, short drw_x, short drw_y,
short src_w, short src_h, short drw_w, short drw_h,
int image, char *buf, short width, short height,
Bool sync, RegionPtr clipBoxes, pointer data );
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This is similar to <structfield>PutStill</structfield> except that the
source of the video is not a port but the data stored in a system
memory buffer at <parameter>buf</parameter>. The data is in the format
indicated by the <parameter>image</parameter> descriptor and represents a
source of size <parameter>width</parameter> by <parameter>height</parameter>.
If <parameter>sync</parameter> is TRUE the driver should not return
from this function until it is through reading the data
from <parameter>buf</parameter>. Returning when <parameter>sync</parameter>
is TRUE indicates that it is safe for the data at <parameter>buf</parameter>
to be replaced, freed, or modified.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
typedef int (* QueryImageAttributesFuncPtr)( ScrnInfoPtr pScrn,
int image, short *width, short *height,
int *pitches, int *offsets);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function is called to let the driver specify how data for
a particular <parameter>image</parameter> of size <parameter>width</parameter>
by <parameter>height</parameter> should be stored. Sometimes only
the size and corrected width and height are needed. In that
case <parameter>pitches</parameter> and <parameter>offsets</parameter> are
NULL. The size of the memory required for the image is returned
by this function. The <parameter>width</parameter> and
<parameter>height</parameter> of the requested image can be altered by
the driver to reflect format limitations (such as component
sampling periods that are larger than one). If
<parameter>pitches</parameter> and <parameter>offsets</parameter> are not NULL,
these will be arrays with as many elements in them as there
are planes in the <parameter>image</parameter> format. The driver
should specify the pitch (in bytes) of each scanline in the
particular plane as well as the offset to that plane (in bytes)
from the beginning of the image.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
</para>
<para>
The XF86VideoEncodingRec:
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
typedef struct {
int id;
char *name;
unsigned short width, height;
XvRationalRec rate;
} XF86VideoEncodingRec, *XF86VideoEncodingPtr;
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
The <structname>XF86VideoEncodingRec</structname> specifies what encodings
the adaptor can support. Most of this data is just informational
and for the client's benefit, and is what will be reported by
<function>XvQueryEncodings</function>. The <parameter>id</parameter> field is
expected to be a unique identifier to allow the client to request a
certain encoding via the <constant>XV_ENCODING</constant> attribute string.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
</para>
<para>
The XF86VideoFormatRec:
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
typedef struct {
char depth;
short class;
} XF86VideoFormatRec, *XF86VideoFormatPtr;
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This specifies what visuals the video is viewable in.
<parameter>depth</parameter> is the depth of the visual (not bpp).
<parameter>class</parameter> is the visual class such as
<constant>TrueColor</constant>, <constant>DirectColor</constant> or
<constant>PseudoColor</constant>. Initialization of an adaptor will fail
if none of the visuals on that screen are supported.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
</para>
<para>
The XF86AttributeRec:
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
typedef struct {
int flags;
int min_value;
int max_value;
char *name;
} XF86AttributeListRec, *XF86AttributeListPtr;
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Each adaptor may have an array of these advertising the attributes
for its ports. Currently defined flags are <literal remap="tt">XvGettable</literal>
and <literal remap="tt">XvSettable</literal> which may be OR'd together indicating that
attribute is <quote>gettable</quote> or <quote>settable</quote> by the client. The
<literal remap="tt">min</literal> and <literal remap="tt">max</literal> field specify the valid range
for the value. <literal remap="tt">Name</literal> is a text string describing the
attribute by name.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
</para>
<para>
The XF86ImageRec:
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
typedef struct {
int id;
int type;
int byte_order;
char guid[16];
int bits_per_pixel;
int format;
int num_planes;
/* for RGB formats */
int depth;
unsigned int red_mask;
unsigned int green_mask;
unsigned int blue_mask;
/* for YUV formats */
unsigned int y_sample_bits;
unsigned int u_sample_bits;
unsigned int v_sample_bits;
unsigned int horz_y_period;
unsigned int horz_u_period;
unsigned int horz_v_period;
unsigned int vert_y_period;
unsigned int vert_u_period;
unsigned int vert_v_period;
char component_order[32];
int scanline_order;
} XF86ImageRec, *XF86ImagePtr;
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
XF86ImageRec describes how video source data is laid out in memory.
The fields are as follows:
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>id</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
This is a unique descriptor for the format. It is often good to
set this value to the FOURCC for the format when applicable.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>type</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
This is <constant>XvRGB</constant> or <constant>XvYUV</constant>.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>byte_order</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
This is <constant>LSBFirst</constant> or <constant>MSBFirst</constant>.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>guid</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
This is the Globally Unique IDentifier for the format. When
not applicable, all characters should be NULL.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>bits_per_pixel</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
The number of bits taken up (but not necessarily used) by each
pixel. Note that for some planar formats which have fractional
bits per pixel (such as IF09) this number may be rounded _down_.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>format</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
This is <constant>XvPlanar</constant> or <constant>XvPacked</constant>.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>num_planes</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
The number of planes in planar formats. This should be set to
one for packed formats.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>depth</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
The significant bits per pixel in RGB formats (analogous to the
depth of a pixmap format).
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>red_mask</structfield></term>
<term><structfield>green_mask</structfield></term>
<term><structfield>blue_mask</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
The red, green and blue bitmasks for packed RGB formats.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>y_sample_bits</structfield></term>
<term><structfield>u_sample_bits</structfield></term>
<term><structfield>v_sample_bits</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
The y, u and v sample sizes (in bits).
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>horz_y_period</structfield></term>
<term><structfield>horz_u_period</structfield></term>
<term><structfield>horz_v_period</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
The y, u and v sampling periods in the horizontal direction.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>vert_y_period</structfield></term>
<term><structfield>vert_u_period</structfield></term>
<term><structfield>vert_v_period</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
The y, u and v sampling periods in the vertical direction.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>component_order</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
Uppercase ascii characters representing the order that
samples are stored within packed formats. For planar formats
this represents the ordering of the planes. Unused characters
in the 32 byte string should be set to NULL.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>scanline_order</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
This is <constant>XvTopToBottom</constant> or <constant>XvBottomToTop</constant>.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
<para>
Since some formats (particular some planar YUV formats) may not
be completely defined by the parameters above, the guid, when
available, should provide the most accurate description of the
format.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1>
<title>The Loader</title>
<para>
This section describes the interfaces to the module loader. The loader
interfaces can be divided into two groups: those that are only available to
the XFree86 common layer, and those that are also available to modules.
</para>
<sect2>
<title>Loader Overview</title>
<para>
The loader is capable of loading modules in a range of object formats,
and knowledge of these formats is built in to the loader. Knowledge of
new object formats can be added to the loader in a straightforward
manner. This makes it possible to provide OS-independent modules (for
a given CPU architecture type). In addition to this, the loader can
load modules via the OS-provided <function>dlopen(3)</function> service where
available. Such modules are not platform independent, and the semantics
of <function>dlopen()</function> on most systems results in significant
limitations in the use of modules of this type. Support for
<function>dlopen()</function> modules in the loader is primarily for
experimental and development purposes.
</para>
<para>
Symbols exported by the loader (on behalf of the core X server) to
modules are determined at compile time. Only those symbols explicitly
exported are available to modules. All external symbols of loaded
modules are exported to other modules, and to the core X server. The
loader can be requested to check for unresolved symbols at any time,
and the action to be taken for unresolved symbols can be controlled by
the caller of the loader. Typically the caller identifies which symbols
can safely remain unresolved and which cannot.
</para>
<para>
NOTE: Now that ISO-C allows pointers to functions and pointers to data to
have different internal representations, some of the following interfaces
will need to be revisited.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Semi-private Loader Interface</title>
<para>
The following is the semi-private loader interface that is available to the
XFree86 common layer.
</para>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void LoaderInit(void);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
The <function>LoaderInit()</function> function initialises the loader,
and it must be called once before calling any other loader functions.
This function initialises the tables of exported symbols, and anything
else that might need to be initialised.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void LoaderSetPath(const char *path);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
The <function>LoaderSetPath()</function> function initialises a default
module search path. This must be called if calls to other functions
are to be made without explicitly specifying a module search path.
The search path <parameter>path</parameter> must be a string of one or more
comma separated absolute paths. Modules are expected to be located
below these paths, possibly in subdirectories of these paths.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
pointer LoadModule(const char *module, pointer options,
const XF86ModReqInfo * modreq, int *errmaj);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
The <function>LoadModule()</function> function loads the module called
<parameter>module</parameter>. The return value is a module handle, and
may be used in future calls to the loader that require a reference
to a loaded module. The module name <parameter>module</parameter> is
normally the module's canonical name, which doesn't contain any
directory path information, or any object/library file prefixes of
suffixes. Currently a full pathname and/or filename is also accepted.
This might change. The other parameters are:
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>options</parameter></term>
<listitem><para>
An optional parameter that is passed to the newly
loaded module's <literal remap="tt">SetupProc</literal> function
(if it has one). This argument is normally a
<constant>NULL</constant> terminated list of
<structname>Options</structname>, and must be interpreted that
way by modules loaded directly by the XFree86 common
layer. However, it may be used for application-specific
parameter passing in other situations.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>modreq</parameter></term>
<listitem><para>
An optional <structname>XF86ModReqInfo*</structname> containing
version/ABI/vendor information to requirements to
check the newly loaded module against. The main
purpose of this is to allow the loader to verify that
a module of the correct type/version before running
its <function>SetupProc</function> function.
</para>
<para>
The <literal remap="tt">XF86ModReqInfo</literal> struct is defined
as follows:
<programlisting>
typedef struct {
CARD8 majorversion;
CARD8 minorversion;
CARD16 patchlevel;
const char * abiclass;
CARD32 abiversion;
const char * moduleclass;
} XF86ModReqInfo;
</programlisting>
The information here is compared against the equivalent
information in the module's
<structname>XF86ModuleVersionInfo</structname> record (which
is described below). The values in comments above
indicate <quote>don't care</quote> settings for each of the fields.
The comparisons made are as follows:
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>majorversion</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
Must match the module's majorversion
exactly.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>minorversion</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
The module's minor version must be
no less than this value. This
comparison is only made if
<structfield>majorversion</structfield>
matches.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>patchlevel</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
The module's patchlevel must be no
less than this value. This comparison
is only made if
<structfield>minorversion</structfield>
matches.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>abiclass</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
String must match the module's abiclass
string.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>abiversion</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
Must be consistent with the module's
abiversion (major equal, minor no
older).
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>moduleclass</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
String must match the module's
moduleclass string.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>errmaj</parameter></term>
<listitem><para>
An optional pointer to a variable holding the major
part or the error code. When provided,
<parameter>*errmaj</parameter> is filled in when
<function>LoadModule()</function> fails.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para></blockquote>
</para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void UnloadModule(pointer mod);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function unloads the module referred to by the handle mod.
All child modules are also unloaded recursively. This function must
not be used to directly unload modules that are child modules (i.e.,
those that have been loaded with the <function>LoadSubModule()</function>
described below).
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Module Requirements</title>
<para>
Modules must provide information about themselves to the loader, and
may optionally provide entry points for "setup" and "teardown" functions
(those two functions are referred to here as <function>SetupProc</function>
and <function>TearDownProc</function>).
</para>
<para>
The module information is contained in the
<structname>XF86ModuleVersionInfo</structname> struct, which is defined as follows:
<programlisting>
typedef struct {
const char * modname; /* name of module, e.g. "foo" */
const char * vendor; /* vendor specific string */
CARD32 _modinfo1_; /* constant MODINFOSTRING1/2 to find */
CARD32 _modinfo2_; /* infoarea with a binary editor/sign tool */
CARD32 xf86version; /* contains XF86_VERSION_CURRENT */
CARD8 majorversion; /* module-specific major version */
CARD8 minorversion; /* module-specific minor version */
CARD16 patchlevel; /* module-specific patch level */
const char * abiclass; /* ABI class that the module uses */
CARD32 abiversion; /* ABI version */
const char * moduleclass; /* module class */
CARD32 checksum[4]; /* contains a digital signature of the */
/* version info structure */
} XF86ModuleVersionInfo;
</programlisting>
The fields are used as follows:
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>modname</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
The module's name. This field is currently only for
informational purposes, but the loader may be modified
in future to require it to match the module's canonical
name.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>vendor</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
The module vendor. This field is for informational purposes
only.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>_modinfo1_</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
This field holds the first part of a signature that can
be used to locate this structure in the binary. It should
always be initialised to <constant>MODINFOSTRING1</constant>.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>_modinfo2_</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
This field holds the second part of a signature that can
be used to locate this structure in the binary. It should
always be initialised to <constant>MODINFOSTRING2</constant>.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>xf86version</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
The XFree86 version against which the module was compiled.
This is mostly for informational/diagnostic purposes. It
should be initialised to <constant>XF86_VERSION_CURRENT</constant>, which is
defined in <filename>xf86Version.h</filename>.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>majorversion</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
The module-specific major version. For modules where this
version is used for more than simply informational
purposes, the major version should only change (be
incremented) when ABI incompatibilities are introduced,
or ABI components are removed.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>minorversion</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
The module-specific minor version. For modules where this
version is used for more than simply informational
purposes, the minor version should only change (be
incremented) when ABI additions are made in a backward
compatible way. It should be reset to zero when the major
version is increased.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>patchlevel</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
The module-specific patch level. The patch level should
increase with new revisions of the module where there
are no ABI changes, and it should be reset to zero when
the minor version is increased.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>abiclass</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
The ABI class that the module requires. The class is
specified as a string for easy extensibility. It should
indicate which (if any) of the X server's built-in ABI
classes that the module relies on, or a third-party ABI
if appropriate. Built-in ABI classes currently defined are:
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>ABI_CLASS_NONE</constant></term>
<listitem><para>no class
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>ABI_CLASS_ANSIC</constant></term>
<listitem><para>only requires the ANSI C interfaces
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>ABI_CLASS_VIDEODRV</constant></term>
<listitem><para>requires the video driver ABI
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>ABI_CLASS_XINPUT</constant></term>
<listitem><para>requires the XInput driver ABI
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>ABI_CLASS_EXTENSION</constant></term>
<listitem><para>requires the extension module ABI
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>abiversion</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
The version of abiclass that the module requires. The
version consists of major and minor components. The
major version must match and the minor version must be
no newer than that provided by the server or parent
module. Version identifiers for the built-in classes
currently defined are:
<literallayout><constant>
ABI_ANSIC_VERSION
ABI_VIDEODRV_VERSION
ABI_XINPUT_VERSION
ABI_EXTENSION_VERSION
</constant></literallayout>
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>moduleclass</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
This is similar to the abiclass field, except that it
defines the type of module rather than the ABI it
requires. For example, although all video drivers require
the video driver ABI, not all modules that require the
video driver ABI are video drivers. This distinction
can be made with the moduleclass. Currently pre-defined
module classes are:
<literallayout><constant>
MOD_CLASS_NONE
MOD_CLASS_VIDEODRV
MOD_CLASS_XINPUT
MOD_CLASS_EXTENSION
</constant></literallayout>
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>checksum</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
Not currently used.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
<para>
The module version information, and the optional <function>SetupProc</function>
and <function>TearDownProc</function> entry points are found by the loader
by locating a data object in the module called "modnameModuleData",
where "modname" is the canonical name of the module. Modules must
contain such a data object, and it must be declared with global scope,
be compile-time initialised, and is of the following type:
<programlisting>
typedef struct {
XF86ModuleVersionInfo * vers;
ModuleSetupProc setup;
ModuleTearDownProc teardown;
} XF86ModuleData;
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
The vers parameter must be initialised to a pointer to a correctly
initialised <structname>XF86ModuleVersionInfo</structname> struct. The other
two parameter are optional, and should be initialised to
<constant>NULL</constant> when not required. The other parameters are defined
as
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
typedef pointer (*ModuleSetupProc)(pointer, pointer, int *, int *);
typedef void (*ModuleTearDownProc)(pointer);
pointer SetupProc(pointer module, pointer options,
int *errmaj, int *errmin);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
When defined, this function is called by the loader after successfully
loading a module. module is a handle for the newly loaded module,
and maybe used by the <function>SetupProc</function> if it calls other
loader functions that require a reference to it. The remaining
arguments are those that were passed to the
<function>LoadModule()</function> (or <function>LoadSubModule()</function>),
and are described above. When the <function>SetupProc</function> is
successful it must return a non-<constant>NULL</constant> value. The
loader checks this, and if it is <constant>NULL</constant> it unloads
the module and reports the failure to the caller of
<function>LoadModule()</function>. If the <function>SetupProc</function>
does things that need to be undone when the module is unloaded,
it should define a <function>TearDownProc</function>, and return a
pointer that the <function>TearDownProc</function> can use to undo what
has been done.
</para>
<para>
When a module is loaded multiple times, the <function>SetupProc</function>
is called once for each time it is loaded.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void TearDownProc(pointer tearDownData);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
When defined, this function is called when the loader unloads a
module. The <parameter>tearDownData</parameter> parameter is the return
value of the <function>SetupProc()</function> that was called when the
module was loaded. The purpose of this function is to clean up
before the module is unloaded (for example, by freeing allocated
resources).
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Public Loader Interface</title>
<para>
The following is the Loader interface that is available to any part of
the server, and may also be used from within modules.
</para>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
pointer LoadSubModule(pointer parent, const char *module,
const char **subdirlist, const char **patternlist,
pointer options, const XF86ModReqInfo * modreq,
int *errmaj, int *errmin);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function is like the <function>LoadModule()</function> function
described above, except that the module loaded is registered as a
child of the calling module. The <parameter>parent</parameter> parameter
is the calling module's handle. Modules loaded with this function
are automatically unloaded when the parent module is unloaded.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void UnloadSubModule(pointer module);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function unloads the module with handle <parameter>module</parameter>.
If that module itself has children, they are also unloaded. It is
like <function>UnloadModule()</function>, except that it is safe to use
for unloading child modules.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
pointer LoaderSymbol(const char *symbol);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function returns the address of the symbol with name
<parameter>symbol</parameter>. This may be used to locate a module entry
point with a known name.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
char **LoaderlistDirs(const char **subdirlist,
const char **patternlist);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function returns a <constant>NULL</constant> terminated list of
canonical modules names for modules found in the default module
search path. The <parameter>subdirlist</parameter> and
<parameter>patternlist</parameter> parameters are as described above, and
can be used to control the locations and names that are searched.
If no modules are found, the return value is <constant>NULL</constant>.
The returned list should be freed by calling
<function>LoaderFreeDirList()</function> when it is no longer needed.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void LoaderFreeDirList(char **list);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function frees a module list created by
<function>LoaderlistDirs()</function>.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void LoaderReqSymLists(const char **list0, ...);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function allows the registration of required symbols with the
loader. It is normally used by a caller of
<function>LoadSubModule()</function>. If any symbols registered in this
way are found to be unresolved when
<function>LoaderCheckUnresolved()</function> is called then
<function>LoaderCheckUnresolved()</function> will report a failure.
The function takes one or more <constant>NULL</constant> terminated
lists of symbols. The end of the argument list is indicated by a
<constant>NULL</constant> argument.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void LoaderReqSymbols(const char *sym0, ...);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function is like <function>LoaderReqSymLists()</function> except
that its arguments are symbols rather than lists of symbols. This
function is more convenient when single functions are to be registered,
especially when the single function might depend on runtime factors.
The end of the argument list is indicated by a <constant>NULL</constant>
argument.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void LoaderRefSymLists(const char **list0, ...);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function allows the registration of possibly unresolved symbols
with the loader. When <function>LoaderCheckUnresolved()</function> is
run it won't generate warnings for symbols registered in this way
unless they were also registered as required symbols.
The function takes one or more <constant>NULL</constant> terminated
lists of symbols. The end of the argument list is indicated by a
<constant>NULL</constant> argument.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void LoaderRefSymbols(const char *sym0, ...);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function is like <function>LoaderRefSymLists()</function> except
that its arguments are symbols rather than lists of symbols. This
function is more convenient when single functions are to be registered,
especially when the single function might depend on runtime factors.
The end of the argument list is indicated by a <constant>NULL</constant>
argument.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
int LoaderCheckUnresolved(int delayflag);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function checks for unresolved symbols. It generates warnings
for unresolved symbols that have not been registered with
<function>LoaderRefSymLists()</function>, and maps them to a dummy
function. This behaviour may change in future. If unresolved
symbols are found that have been registered with
<function>LoaderReqSymLists()</function> or
<function>LoaderReqSymbols()</function> then this function returns a
non-zero value. If none of these symbols are unresolved the return
value is zero, indicating success.
</para>
<para>
The <parameter>delayflag</parameter> parameter should normally be set to
<constant>LD_RESOLV_IFDONE</constant>.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
LoaderErrorMsg(const char *name, const char *modname,
int errmaj, int errmin);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function prints an error message that includes the text <quote>Failed
to load module</quote>, the module name <parameter>modname</parameter>, a message
specific to the <parameter>errmaj</parameter> value, and the value if
<parameter>errmin</parameter>. If <parameter>name</parameter> is
non-<constant>NULL</constant>, it is printed as an identifying prefix
to the message (followed by a <quote>:</quote>).
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Special Registration Functions</title>
<para>
The loader contains some functions for registering some classes of modules.
These may be moved out of the loader at some point.
</para>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void LoadExtensionList(const ExtensionModule ext[], int size, Bool builtin);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This registers the entry points for the extension array identified by
<parameter>ext</parameter>. The <structname>ExtensionModule</structname> struct is
defined as:
<programlisting>
typedef struct {
InitExtension initFunc;
char * name;
Bool *disablePtr;
} ExtensionModule;
</programlisting>
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1>
<title>Helper Functions</title>
<para>
This section describe <quote>helper</quote> functions that video driver
might find useful. While video drivers are not required to use any of
these to be considered <quote>compliant</quote>, the use of appropriate helpers is
strongly encouraged to improve the consistency of driver behaviour.
</para>
<sect2>
<title>Functions for printing messages</title>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
ErrorF(const char *format, ...);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This is the basic function for writing to the error log (typically
stderr and/or a log file). Video drivers should usually avoid
using this directly in favour of the more specialised functions
described below. This function is useful for printing messages
while debugging a driver.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
FatalError(const char *format, ...);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This prints a message and causes the Xserver to abort. It should
rarely be used within a video driver, as most error conditions
should be flagged by the return values of the driver functions.
This allows the higher layers to decide how to proceed. In rare
cases, this can be used within a driver if a fatal unexpected
condition is found.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
xf86ErrorF(const char *format, ...);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This is like <function>ErrorF()</function>, except that the message is
only printed when the Xserver's verbosity level is set to the
default (<constant>1</constant>) or higher. It means that the messages
are not printed when the server is started with the
<option>-quiet</option> flag. Typically this function would only be
used for continuing messages started with one of the more specialised
functions described below.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
xf86ErrorFVerb(int verb, const char *format, ...);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Like <function>xf86ErrorF()</function>, except the minimum verbosity
level for which the message is to be printed is given explicitly.
Passing a <parameter>verb</parameter> value of zero means the message
is always printed. A value higher than <constant>1</constant> can be
used for information would normally not be needed, but which might
be useful when diagnosing problems.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
xf86Msg(MessageType type, const char *format, ...);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This is like <function>xf86ErrorF()</function>, except that the message
is prefixed with a marker determined by the value of
<parameter>type</parameter>. The marker is used to indicate the type of
message (warning, error, probed value, config value, etc). Note
the <varname>xf86Verbose</varname> value is ignored for messages of
type <constant>X_ERROR</constant>.
</para>
<para>
The marker values are:
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>X_PROBED</constant></term>
<listitem><para>Value was probed.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>X_CONFIG</constant></term>
<listitem><para>Value was given in the config file.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>X_DEFAULT</constant></term>
<listitem><para>Value is a default.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>X_CMDLINE</constant></term>
<listitem><para>Value was given on the command line.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>X_NOTICE</constant></term>
<listitem><para>Notice.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>X_ERROR</constant></term>
<listitem><para>Error message.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>X_WARNING</constant></term>
<listitem><para>Warning message.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>X_INFO</constant></term>
<listitem><para>Informational message.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>X_NONE</constant></term>
<listitem><para>No prefix.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>X_NOT_IMPLEMENTED</constant></term>
<listitem><para>The message relates to functionality
that is not yetimplemented.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
xf86MsgVerb(MessageType type, int verb, const char *format, ...);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Like <function>xf86Msg()</function>, but with the verbosity level given
explicitly.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
xf86DrvMsg(int scrnIndex, MessageType type, const char *format, ...);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This is like <function>xf86Msg()</function> except that the driver's
name (the <structfield>name</structfield> field of the
<structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname>) followed by the
<parameter>scrnIndex</parameter> in parentheses is printed following the
prefix. This should be used by video drivers in most cases as it
clearly indicates which driver/screen the message is for. If
<parameter>scrnIndex</parameter> is negative, this function behaves
exactly like <function>xf86Msg()</function>.
</para>
<para>
NOTE: This function can only be used after the
<structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname> and its <structfield>name</structfield> field
have been allocated. Normally, this means that it can not be
used before the END of the <function>ChipProbe()</function> function.
Prior to that, use <function>xf86Msg()</function>, providing the
driver's name explicitly. No screen number can be supplied at
that point.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
xf86DrvMsgVerb(int scrnIndex, MessageType type, int verb,
const char *format, ...);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Like <function>xf86DrvMsg()</function>, but with the verbosity level
given explicitly.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Functions for setting values based on command line and config file</title>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
Bool xf86SetDepthBpp(ScrnInfoPtr scrp, int depth, int bpp,
int fbbpp, int depth24flags);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function sets the <structfield>depth</structfield>, <structfield>pixmapBPP</structfield> and <structfield>bitsPerPixel</structfield> fields
of the <structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname>. It also determines the defaults for display-wide
attributes and pixmap formats the screen will support, and finds
the Display subsection that matches the depth/bpp. This function
should normally be called very early from the
<function>ChipPreInit()</function> function.
</para>
<para>
It requires that the <structfield>confScreen</structfield> field of the <structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname> be
initialised prior to calling it. This is done by the XFree86
common layer prior to calling <function>ChipPreInit()</function>.
</para>
<para>
The parameters passed are:
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>depth</parameter></term>
<listitem><para>
driver's preferred default depth if no other is given.
If zero, use the overall server default.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>bpp</parameter></term>
<listitem><para>
Same, but for the pixmap bpp.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fbbpp</parameter></term>
<listitem><para>
Same, but for the framebuffer bpp.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>depth24flags</parameter></term>
<listitem><para>
Flags that indicate the level of 24/32bpp support
and whether conversion between different framebuffer
and pixmap formats is supported. The flags for this
argument are defined as follows, and multiple flags
may be ORed together:
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>NoDepth24Support</constant></term>
<listitem><para>No depth 24 formats supported
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>Support24bppFb</constant></term>
<listitem><para>24bpp framebuffer supported
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>Support32bppFb</constant></term>
<listitem><para>32bpp framebuffer supported
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>SupportConvert24to32</constant></term>
<listitem><para>Can convert 24bpp pixmap to 32bpp fb
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>SupportConvert32to24</constant></term>
<listitem><para>Can convert 32bpp pixmap to 24bpp fb
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>ForceConvert24to32</constant></term>
<listitem><para>Force 24bpp pixmap to 32bpp fb conversion
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>ForceConvert32to24</constant></term>
<listitem><para>Force 32bpp pixmap to 24bpp fb conversion
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
<para>
It uses the command line, config file, and default values in the
correct order of precedence to determine the depth and bpp values.
It is up to the driver to check the results to see that it supports
them. If not the <function>ChipPreInit()</function> function should
return <constant>FALSE</constant>.
</para>
<para>
If only one of depth/bpp is given, the other is set to a reasonable
(and consistent) default.
</para>
<para>
If a driver finds that the initial <parameter>depth24flags</parameter>
it uses later results in a fb format that requires more video
memory than is available it may call this function a second time
with a different <parameter>depth24flags</parameter> setting.
</para>
<para>
On success, the return value is <constant>TRUE</constant>. On failure
it prints an error message and returns <constant>FALSE</constant>.
</para>
<para>
The following fields of the <structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname> are
initialised by this function:
<blockquote><para>
<structfield>depth</structfield>, <structfield>bitsPerPixel</structfield>,
<structfield>display</structfield>, <structfield>imageByteOrder</structfield>,
<structfield>bitmapScanlinePad</structfield>,
<structfield>bitmapScanlineUnit</structfield>, <structfield>bitmapBitOrder</structfield>,
<structfield>numFormats</structfield>, <structfield>formats</structfield>,
<structfield>fbFormat</structfield>.
</para></blockquote>
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void xf86PrintDepthBpp(scrnInfoPtr scrp);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function can be used to print out the depth and bpp settings.
It should be called after the final call to
<function>xf86SetDepthBpp()</function>.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
Bool xf86SetWeight(ScrnInfoPtr scrp, rgb weight, rgb mask);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function sets the <structfield>weight</structfield>, <structfield>mask</structfield>,
<structfield>offset</structfield> and <structfield>rgbBits</structfield> fields of the
<structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname>. It would normally be called fairly
early in the <function>ChipPreInit()</function> function for
depths&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;8bpp.
</para>
<para>
It requires that the <structfield>depth</structfield> and
<structfield>display</structfield> fields of the <structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname>
be initialised prior to calling it.
</para>
<para>
The parameters passed are:
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>weight</parameter></term>
<listitem><para>
driver's preferred default weight if no other is given.
If zero, use the overall server default.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>mask</parameter></term>
<listitem><para>
Same, but for mask.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
<para>
It uses the command line, config file, and default values in the
correct order of precedence to determine the weight value. It
derives the mask and offset values from the weight and the defaults.
It is up to the driver to check the results to see that it supports
them. If not the <function>ChipPreInit()</function> function should
return <constant>FALSE</constant>.
</para>
<para>
On success, this function prints a message showing the weight
values selected, and returns <constant>TRUE</constant>.
</para>
<para>
On failure it prints an error message and returns <constant>FALSE</constant>.
</para>
<para>
The following fields of the <structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname> are
initialised by this function:
<blockquote><para>
<structfield>weight</structfield>,
<structfield>mask</structfield>,
<structfield>offset</structfield>.
</para></blockquote>
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
Bool xf86SetDefaultVisual(ScrnInfoPtr scrp, int visual);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function sets the <structfield>defaultVisual</structfield> field of the
<structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname>. It would normally be called fairly
early from the <function>ChipPreInit()</function> function.
</para>
<para>
It requires that the <structfield>depth</structfield> and
<structfield>display</structfield> fields of the <structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname>
be initialised prior to calling it.
</para>
<para>
The parameters passed are:
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>visual</parameter></term>
<listitem><para>
driver's preferred default visual if no other is given.
If <constant>-1</constant>, use the overall server default.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
<para>
It uses the command line, config file, and default values in the
correct order of precedence to determine the default visual value.
It is up to the driver to check the result to see that it supports
it. If not the <function>ChipPreInit()</function> function should
return <constant>FALSE</constant>.
</para>
<para>
On success, this function prints a message showing the default visual
selected, and returns <constant>TRUE</constant>.
</para>
<para>
On failure it prints an error message and returns <constant>FALSE</constant>.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
Bool xf86SetGamma(ScrnInfoPtr scrp, Gamma gamma);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function sets the <structfield>gamma</structfield> field of the
<structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname>. It would normally be called fairly
early from the <function>ChipPreInit()</function> function in cases
where the driver supports gamma correction.
</para>
<para>
It requires that the <structfield>monitor</structfield> field of the
<structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname> be initialised prior to calling it.
</para>
<para>
The parameters passed are:
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>gamma</parameter></term>
<listitem><para>
driver's preferred default gamma if no other is given.
If zero (<code>&lt; 0.01</code>), use the overall server
default.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
<para>
It uses the command line, config file, and default values in the
correct order of precedence to determine the gamma value. It is
up to the driver to check the results to see that it supports
them. If not the <function>ChipPreInit()</function> function should
return <constant>FALSE</constant>.
</para>
<para>
On success, this function prints a message showing the gamma
value selected, and returns <constant>TRUE</constant>.
</para>
<para>
On failure it prints an error message and returns <constant>FALSE</constant>.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void xf86SetDpi(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn, int x, int y);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function sets the <structfield>xDpi</structfield> and <structfield>yDpi</structfield>
fields of the <structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname>. The driver can specify
preferred defaults by setting <parameter>x</parameter> and <parameter>y</parameter>
to non-zero values. The <option>-dpi</option> command line option
overrides all other settings. Otherwise, if the
<emphasis>DisplaySize</emphasis> entry is present in the screen's &k.monitor;
config file section, it is used together with the virtual size to
calculate the dpi values. This function should be called after
all the mode resolution has been done.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
const char *xf86GetVisualName(int visual);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Returns a printable string with the visual name matching the
numerical visual class provided. If the value is outside the
range of valid visual classes, <constant>NULL</constant> is returned.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Primary Mode functions</title>
<para>
The primary mode helper functions are those which would normally be
used by a driver, unless it has unusual requirements which cannot
be catered for the by the helpers.
</para>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
int xf86ValidateModes(ScrnInfoPtr scrp, DisplayModePtr availModes,
char **modeNames, ClockRangePtr clockRanges,
int *linePitches, int minPitch, int maxPitch,
int pitchInc, int minHeight, int maxHeight,
int virtualX, int virtualY,
unsigned long apertureSize,
LookupModeFlags strategy);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function basically selects the set of modes to use based on
those available and the various constraints. It also sets some
other related parameters. It is normally called near the end of
the <function>ChipPreInit()</function> function.
</para>
<para>
The parameters passed to the function are:
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>availModes</parameter></term>
<listitem><para>
List of modes available for the monitor.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>modeNames</parameter></term>
<listitem><para>
List of mode names that the screen is requesting.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>clockRanges</parameter></term>
<listitem><para>
A list of clock ranges allowed by the driver. Each
range includes whether interlaced or multiscan modes
are supported for that range. See below for more on
<parameter>clockRanges</parameter>.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>linePitches</parameter></term>
<listitem><para>
List of line pitches supported by the driver.
This is optional and should be <constant>NULL</constant> when
not used.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>minPitch</parameter></term>
<listitem><para>
Minimum line pitch supported by the driver. This must
be supplied when <parameter>linePitches</parameter> is
<constant>NULL</constant>, and is ignored otherwise.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>maxPitch</parameter></term>
<listitem><para>
Maximum line pitch supported by the driver. This is
required when <parameter>minPitch</parameter> is required.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>pitchInc</parameter></term>
<listitem><para>
Granularity of horizontal pitch values as supported by
the chipset. This is expressed in bits. This must be
supplied.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>minHeight</parameter></term>
<listitem><para>
minimum virtual height allowed. If zero, no limit is
imposed.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>maxHeight</parameter></term>
<listitem><para>
maximum virtual height allowed. If zero, no limit is
imposed.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>virtualX</parameter></term>
<listitem><para>
If greater than zero, this is the virtual width value
that will be used. Otherwise, the virtual width is
chosen to be the smallest that can accommodate the modes
selected.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>virtualY</parameter></term>
<listitem><para>
If greater than zero, this is the virtual height value
that will be used. Otherwise, the virtual height is
chosen to be the smallest that can accommodate the modes
selected.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>apertureSize</parameter></term>
<listitem><para>
The size (in bytes) of the aperture used to access video
memory.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>strategy</parameter></term>
<listitem><para>
The strategy to use when choosing from multiple modes
with the same name. The options are:
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>LOOKUP_DEFAULT</constant></term>
<listitem><para>???
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>LOOKUP_BEST_REFRESH</constant></term>
<listitem><para>mode with best refresh rate
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>LOOKUP_CLOSEST_CLOCK</constant></term>
<listitem><para>mode with closest matching clock
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>LOOKUP_LIST_ORDER</constant></term>
<listitem><para>first usable mode in list
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
</variablelist>
The following options can also be combined (OR'ed) with
one of the above:
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>LOOKUP_CLKDIV2</constant></term>
<listitem><para>Allow halved clocks
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>LOOKUP_OPTIONAL_TOLERANCES</constant></term>
<listitem><para>
Allow missing horizontal sync and/or vertical refresh
ranges in the xorg.conf Monitor section
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<constant>LOOKUP_OPTIONAL_TOLERANCES</constant> should only be
specified when the driver can ensure all modes it generates
can sync on, or at least not damage, the monitor or digital
flat panel. Horizontal sync and/or vertical refresh ranges
specified by the user will still be honoured (and acted upon).
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
<para>
This function requires that the following fields of the
<structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname> are initialised prior to calling it:
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>clock[]</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
List of discrete clocks (when non-programmable)
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>numClocks</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
Number of discrete clocks (when non-programmable)
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>progClock</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
Whether the clock is programmable or not
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>monitor</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
Pointer to the applicable xorg.conf monitor section
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>fdFormat</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
Format of the screen buffer
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>videoRam</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
total video memory size (in bytes)
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>xInc</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
Horizontal timing increment in pixels (defaults to 8)
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
<para>
This function fills in the following <structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname>
fields:
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>modePool</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
A subset of the modes available to the monitor which
are compatible with the driver.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>modes</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
One mode entry for each of the requested modes, with
the status field of each filled in to indicate if
the mode has been accepted or not. This list of
modes is a circular list.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>virtualX</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
The resulting virtual width.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>virtualY</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
The resulting virtual height.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>displayWidth</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
The resulting line pitch.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
<para>
The first stage of this function checks that the
<parameter>virtualX</parameter> and <parameter>virtualY</parameter> values
supplied (if greater than zero) are consistent with the line pitch
and <parameter>maxHeight</parameter> limitations. If not, an error
message is printed, and the return value is <constant>-1</constant>.
</para>
<para>
The second stage sets up the mode pool, eliminating immediately
any modes that exceed the driver's line pitch limits, and also
the virtual width and height limits (if greater than zero). For
each mode removed an informational message is printed at verbosity
level <constant>2</constant>. If the mode pool ends up being empty,
a warning message is printed, and the return value is
<constant>0</constant>.
</para>
<para>
The final stage is to lookup each mode name, and fill in the remaining
parameters. If an error condition is encountered, a message is
printed, and the return value is <constant>-1</constant>. Otherwise,
the return value is the number of valid modes found
(<constant>0</constant> if none are found).
</para>
<para>
Even if the supplied mode names include duplicates, no two names will
ever match the same mode. Furthermore, if the supplied mode names do not
yield a valid mode (including the case where no names are passed at all),
the function will continue looking through the mode pool until it finds
a mode that survives all checks, or until the mode pool is exhausted.
</para>
<para>
A message is only printed by this function when a fundamental
problem is found. It is intended that this function may be called
more than once if there is more than one set of constraints that
the driver can work within.
</para>
<para>
If this function returns <constant>-1</constant>, the
<function>ChipPreInit()</function> function should return
<constant>FALSE</constant>.
</para>
<para>
<parameter>clockRanges</parameter> is a linked list of clock ranges
allowed by the driver. If a mode doesn't fit in any of the defined
<parameter>clockRanges</parameter>, it is rejected. The first
<literal remap="tt">clockRange</literal> that matches all requirements is used.
This structure needs to be initialized to NULL when allocated.
</para>
<para>
<parameter>clockRanges</parameter> contains the following fields:
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>minClock</structfield></term>
<term><structfield>maxClock</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
The lower and upper mode clock bounds for which the rest
of the <structname>clockRange</structname> parameters apply.
Since these are the mode clocks, they are not scaled
with the <structfield>ClockMulFactor</structfield> and
<structfield>ClockDivFactor</structfield>. It is up to the driver
to adjust these values if they depend on the clock
scaling factors.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>clockIndex</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
(not used yet) <constant>-1</constant> for programmable clocks
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>interlaceAllowed</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
<constant>TRUE</constant> if interlacing is allowed for this
range
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>doubleScanAllowed</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
<constant>TRUE</constant> if doublescan or multiscan is allowed
for this range
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>ClockMulFactor</structfield></term>
<term><structfield>ClockDivFactor</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
Scaling factors that are applied to the mode clocks ONLY
before selecting a clock index (when there is no
programmable clock) or a <structfield>SynthClock</structfield>
value. This is useful for drivers that support pixel
multiplexing or that need to scale the clocks because
of hardware restrictions (like sending 24bpp data to an
8 bit RAMDAC using a tripled clock).
</para>
<para>
Note that these parameters describe what must be done
to the mode clock to achieve the data transport clock
between graphics controller and RAMDAC. For example
for <literal remap="tt">2:1</literal> pixel multiplexing, two pixels
are sent to the RAMDAC on each clock. This allows the
RAMDAC clock to be half of the actual pixel clock.
Hence, <code>ClockMulFactor=1</code> and
<code>ClockDivFactor=2</code>. This means that the
clock used for clock selection (ie, determining the
correct clock index from the list of discrete clocks)
or for the <structfield>SynthClock</structfield> field in case of
a programmable clock is: (<code>mode-&gt;Clock *
ClockMulFactor) / ClockDivFactor</code>.
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>PrivFlags</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>
This field is copied into the
<literal remap="tt">mode-&gt;PrivFlags</literal> field when this
<literal remap="tt">clockRange</literal> is selected by
<function>xf86ValidateModes()</function>. It allows the
driver to find out what clock range was selected, so it
knows it needs to set up pixel multiplexing or any other
range-dependent feature. This field is purely
driver-defined: it may contain flag bits, an index or
anything else (as long as it is an <literal remap="tt">INT</literal>).
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
<para>
Note that the <structfield>mode-&gt;SynthClock</structfield> field is always
filled in by <function>xf86ValidateModes()</function>: it will contain
the <quote>data transport clock</quote>, which is the clock that will have
to be programmed in the chip when it has a programmable clock, or
the clock that will be picked from the clocks list when it is not
a programmable one. Thus:
<programlisting>
mode-&gt;SynthClock = (mode-&gt;Clock * ClockMulFactor) / ClockDivFactor
</programlisting>
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void xf86PruneDriverModes(ScrnInfoPtr scrp);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function deletes modes in the modes field of the
<structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname> that have been marked as invalid.
This is normally run after having run
<function>xf86ValidateModes()</function> for the last time. For each
mode that is deleted, a warning message is printed out indicating
the reason for it being deleted.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void xf86SetCrtcForModes(ScrnInfoPtr scrp, int adjustFlags);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function fills in the <structname>Crtc*</structname> fields for all
the modes in the <structfield>modes</structfield> field of the
<structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname>. The <parameter>adjustFlags</parameter>
parameter determines how the vertical CRTC values are scaled for
interlaced modes. They are halved if it is
<constant>INTERLACE_HALVE_V</constant>. The vertical CRTC values are
doubled for doublescan modes, and are further multiplied by the
<literal remap="tt">VScan</literal> value.
</para>
<para>
This function is normally called after calling
<function>xf86PruneDriverModes()</function>.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void xf86PrintModes(ScrnInfoPtr scrp);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function prints out the virtual size setting, and the line
pitch being used. It also prints out two lines for each mode being
used. The first line includes the mode's pixel clock, horizontal sync
rate, refresh rate, and whether it is interlaced, doublescanned and/or
multi-scanned. The second line is the mode's Modeline.
</para>
<para>
This function is normally called after calling
<function>xf86SetCrtcForModes()</function>.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Secondary Mode functions</title>
<para>
The secondary mode helper functions are functions which are normally
used by the primary mode helper functions, and which are not normally
called directly by a driver. If a driver has unusual requirements
and needs to do its own mode validation, it might be able to make
use of some of these secondary mode helper functions.
</para>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
const char *xf86ModeStatusToString(ModeStatus status);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function converts the <parameter>status</parameter> value to a
descriptive printable string.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void xf86DeleteMode(DisplayModePtr *modeList, DisplayModePtr mode);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function deletes the <parameter>mode</parameter> given from the
<parameter>modeList</parameter>. It never prints any messages, so it is
up to the caller to print a message if required.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Functions for handling strings and tokens</title>
<para>
Tables associating strings and numerical tokens combined with the
following functions provide a compact way of handling strings from
the config file, and for converting tokens into printable strings.
The table data structure is:
<programlisting>
typedef struct {
int token;
const char * name;
} SymTabRec, *SymTabPtr;
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
A table is an initialised array of <structname>SymTabRec</structname>. The
tokens must be non-negative integers. Multiple names may be mapped
to a single token. The table is terminated with an element with a
<structfield>token</structfield> value of <constant>-1</constant> and
<constant>NULL</constant> for the <structfield>name</structfield>.
</para>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
const char *xf86TokenToString(SymTabPtr table, int token);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function returns the first string in <parameter>table</parameter>
that matches <parameter>token</parameter>. If no match is found,
<constant>NULL</constant> is returned (NOTE, older versions of this
function would return the string "unknown" when no match is found).
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
int xf86StringToToken(SymTabPtr table, const char *string);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function returns the first token in <parameter>table</parameter>
that matches <parameter>string</parameter>. The
<function>xf86NameCmp()</function> function is used to determine the
match. If no match is found, <constant>-1</constant> is returned.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Functions for finding which config file entries to use</title>
<para>
These functions can be used to select the appropriate config file
entries that match the detected hardware. They are described above
in the <link linkend="probe">Probe</link> and
<link linkend="avail">Available Functions</link> sections.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Probing discrete clocks on old hardware</title>
<para>
The <function>xf86GetClocks()</function> function may be used to assist
in finding the discrete pixel clock values on older hardware.
</para>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void xf86GetClocks(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn, int num,
Bool (*ClockFunc)(ScrnInfoPtr, int),
void (*ProtectRegs)(ScrnInfoPtr, Bool),
void (*BlankScreen)(ScrnInfoPtr, Bool),
int vertsyncreg, int maskval, int knownclkindex,
int knownclkvalue);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function uses a comparative sampling method to measure the
discrete pixel clock values. The number of discrete clocks to
measure is given by <parameter>num</parameter>. <parameter>clockFunc</parameter>
is a function that selects the <parameter>n</parameter>'th clock. It
should also save or restore any state affected by programming the
clocks when the index passed is <constant>CLK_REG_SAVE</constant> or
<constant>CLK_REG_RESTORE</constant>. <parameter>ProtectRegs</parameter> is
a function that does whatever is required to protect the hardware
state while selecting a new clock. <parameter>BlankScreen</parameter>
is a function that blanks the screen. <parameter>vertsyncreg</parameter>
and <parameter>maskval</parameter> are the register and bitmask to
check for the presence of vertical sync pulses.
<parameter>knownclkindex</parameter> and <parameter>knownclkvalue</parameter>
are the index and value of a known clock. These are the known
references on which the comparative measurements are based. The
number of clocks probed is set in <structfield>pScrn-&gt;numClocks</structfield>,
and the probed clocks are set in the <structfield>pScrn-&gt;clock[]</structfield>
array. All of the clock values are in units of kHz.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void xf86ShowClocks(ScrnInfoPtr scrp, MessageType from);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Print out the pixel clocks <parameter>scrp-&gt;clock[]</parameter>.
<parameter>from</parameter> indicates whether the clocks were probed
or from the config file.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Other helper functions</title>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
Bool xf86IsUnblank(int mode);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Returns <constant>TRUE</constant> when the screen saver mode specified
by <parameter>mode</parameter> requires the screen be unblanked,
and <constant>FALSE</constant> otherwise. The screen saver modes that
require blanking are <constant>SCREEN_SAVER_ON</constant> and
<constant>SCREEN_SAVER_CYCLE</constant>, and the screen saver modes that
require unblanking are <constant>SCREEN_SAVER_OFF</constant> and
<constant>SCREEN_SAVER_FORCER</constant>. Drivers may call this helper
from their <function>SaveScreen()</function> function to interpret the
screen saver modes.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1>
<title>The vgahw module</title>
<para>
The vgahw modules provides an interface for saving, restoring and
programming the standard VGA registers, and for handling VGA colourmaps.
</para>
<sect2>
<title>Data Structures</title>
<para>
The public data structures used by the vgahw module are
<structname>vgaRegRec</structname> and <structname>vgaHWRec</structname>. They are
defined in <filename>vgaHW.h.</filename>
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>General vgahw Functions</title>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
Bool vgaHWGetHWRec(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function allocates a <structname>vgaHWRec</structname> structure, and
hooks it into the <structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname>'s
<structfield>privates</structfield>. Like all information hooked into the
<structfield>privates</structfield>, it is persistent, and only needs to be
allocated once per screen. This function should normally be called
from the driver's <function>ChipPreInit()</function> function. The
<structname>vgaHWRec</structname> is zero-allocated, and the following
fields are explicitly initialised:
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>ModeReg.DAC[]</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>initialised with a default colourmap
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>ModeReg.Attribute[0x11]</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>initialised with the default overscan index
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>ShowOverscan</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>initialised according to the "ShowOverscan" option
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>paletteEnabled</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>initialised to FALSE
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>cmapSaved</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>initialised to FALSE
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><structfield>pScrn</structfield></term>
<listitem><para>initialised to pScrn
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
<para>
In addition to the above, <function>vgaHWSetStdFuncs()</function> is
called to initialise the register access function fields with the
standard VGA set of functions.
</para>
<para>
Once allocated, a pointer to the <structname>vgaHWRec</structname> can be
obtained from the <literal remap="tt">ScrnInfoPtr</literal> with the
<literal remap="tt">VGAHWPTR(pScrn)</literal> macro.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void vgaHWFreeHWRec(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function frees a <structname>vgaHWRec</structname> structure. It
should be called from a driver's <function>ChipFreeScreen()</function>
function.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
Bool vgaHWSetRegCounts(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn, int numCRTC,
int numSequencer, int numGraphics, int numAttribute);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function allows the number of CRTC, Sequencer, Graphics and
Attribute registers to be changed. This makes it possible for
extended registers to be saved and restored with
<function>vgaHWSave()</function> and <function>vgaHWRestore()</function>.
This function should be called after a <structname>vgaHWRec</structname>
has been allocated with <function>vgaHWGetHWRec()</function>. The
default values are defined in <filename>vgaHW.h</filename> as follows:
<programlisting>
#define VGA_NUM_CRTC 25
#define VGA_NUM_SEQ 5
#define VGA_NUM_GFX 9
#define VGA_NUM_ATTR 21
</programlisting>
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
Bool vgaHWCopyReg(vgaRegPtr dst, vgaRegPtr src);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function copies the contents of the VGA saved registers in
<parameter>src</parameter> to <parameter>dst</parameter>. Note that it isn't
possible to simply do this with <function>memcpy()</function> (or
similar). This function returns <constant>TRUE</constant> unless there
is a problem allocating space for the <structfield>CRTC</structfield> and
related fields in <parameter>dst</parameter>.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void vgaHWSetStdFuncs(vgaHWPtr hwp);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function initialises the register access function fields of
<parameter>hwp</parameter> with the standard VGA set of functions. This
is called by <function>vgaHWGetHWRec()</function>, so there is usually
no need to call this explicitly. The register access functions
are described below. If the registers are shadowed in some other
port I/O space (for example a PCI I/O region), these functions
can be used to access the shadowed registers if
<structfield>hwp-&gt;PIOOffset</structfield> is initialised with
<literal remap="tt">offset</literal>, calculated in such a way that when the
standard VGA I/O port value is added to it the correct offset into
the PIO area results. This value is initialised to zero in
<function>vgaHWGetHWRec()</function>. (Note: the PIOOffset functionality
is present in XFree86 4.1.0 and later.)
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void vgaHWSetMmioFuncs(vgaHWPtr hwp, CARD8 *base, int offset);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function initialised the register access function fields of
hwp with a generic MMIO set of functions.
<structfield>hwp-&gt;MMIOBase</structfield> is initialised with
<parameter>base</parameter>, which must be the virtual address that the
start of MMIO area is mapped to. <structfield>hwp-&gt;MMIOOffset</structfield>
is initialised with <parameter>offset</parameter>, which must be calculated
in such a way that when the standard VGA I/O port value is added
to it the correct offset into the MMIO area results. That means
that these functions are only suitable when the VGA I/O ports are
made available in a direct mapping to the MMIO space. If that is
not the case, the driver will need to provide its own register
access functions. The register access functions are described
below.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
Bool vgaHWMapMem(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function maps the VGA memory window. It requires that the
<structname>vgaHWRec</structname> be allocated. If a driver requires
non-default <structfield>MapPhys</structfield> or <structfield>MapSize</structfield>
settings (the physical location and size of the VGA memory window)
then those fields of the <structname>vgaHWRec</structname> must be initialised
before calling this function. Otherwise, this function initialiases
the default values of <constant>0xA0000</constant> for
<structfield>MapPhys</structfield> and <code>(64&nbsp;*&nbsp;1024)</code> for
<structfield>MapSize</structfield>. This function must be called before
attempting to save or restore the VGA state. If the driver doesn't
call it explicitly, the <function>vgaHWSave()</function> and
<function>vgaHWRestore()</function> functions may call it if they need
to access the VGA memory (in which case they will also call
<function>vgaHWUnmapMem()</function> to unmap the VGA memory before
exiting).
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void vgaHWUnmapMem(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function unmaps the VGA memory window. It must only be called
after the memory has been mapped. The <structfield>Base</structfield> field
of the <structname>vgaHWRec</structname> field is set to <constant>NULL</constant>
to indicate that the memory is no longer mapped.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void vgaHWGetIOBase(vgaHWPtr hwp);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function initialises the <structfield>IOBase</structfield> field of the
<structname>vgaHWRec</structname>. This function must be called before
using any other functions that access the video hardware.
</para>
<para>
A macro <function>VGAHW_GET_IOBASE()</function> is also available in
<filename>vgaHW.h</filename> that returns the I/O base, and this may
be used when the vgahw module is not loaded (for example, in the
<function>ChipProbe()</function> function).
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void vgaHWUnlock(vgaHWPtr hwp);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function unlocks the VGA <literal remap="tt">CRTC[0-7]</literal> registers,
and must be called before attempting to write to those registers.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void vgaHWLock(vgaHWPtr hwp);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function locks the VGA <literal remap="tt">CRTC[0-7]</literal> registers.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void vgaHWEnable(vgaHWPtr hwp);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function enables the VGA subsystem. (Note, this function is
present in XFree86 4.1.0 and later.).
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void vgaHWDisable(vgaHWPtr hwp);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function disables the VGA subsystem. (Note, this function is
present in XFree86 4.1.0 and later.).
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void vgaHWSave(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn, vgaRegPtr save, int flags);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function saves the VGA state. The state is written to the
<structname>vgaRegRec</structname> pointed to by <parameter>save</parameter>.
<parameter>flags</parameter> is set to one or more of the following flags
ORed together:
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>VGA_SR_MODE</constant></term>
<listitem><para>the mode setting registers are saved
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>VGA_SR_FONTS</constant></term>
<listitem><para>the text mode font/text data is saved
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>VGA_SR_CMAP</constant></term>
<listitem><para>the colourmap (LUT) is saved
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>VGA_SR_ALL</constant></term>
<listitem><para>all of the above are saved
</para></listitem></varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
<para>
The <structname>vgaHWRec</structname> and its <structfield>IOBase</structfield> fields
must be initialised before this function is called. If
<constant>VGA_SR_FONTS</constant> is set in <parameter>flags</parameter>, the
VGA memory window must be mapped. If it isn't then
<function>vgaHWMapMem()</function> will be called to map it, and
<function>vgaHWUnmapMem()</function> will be called to unmap it
afterwards. <function>vgaHWSave()</function> uses the three functions
below in the order <function>vgaHWSaveColormap()</function>,
<function>vgaHWSaveMode()</function>, <function>vgaHWSaveFonts()</function> to
carry out the different save phases. It is undecided at this
stage whether they will remain part of the vgahw module's public
interface or not.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void vgaHWSaveMode(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn, vgaRegPtr save);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function saves the VGA mode registers. They are saved to
the <structname>vgaRegRec</structname> pointed to by <parameter>save</parameter>.
The registers saved are:
<literallayout>
MiscOut
CRTC[0-0x18]
Attribute[0-0x14]
Graphics[0-8]
Sequencer[0-4]
</literallayout>
</para>
<para>
The number of registers actually saved may be modified by a prior call
to <function>vgaHWSetRegCounts()</function>.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void vgaHWSaveFonts(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn, vgaRegPtr save);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function saves the text mode font and text data held in the
video memory. If called while in a graphics mode, no save is
done. The VGA memory window must be mapped with
<function>vgaHWMapMem()</function> before to calling this function.
</para>
<para>
On some platforms, one or more of the font/text plane saves may be
no-ops. This is the case when the platform's VC driver already
takes care of this.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void vgaHWSaveColormap(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn, vgaRegPtr save);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function saves the VGA colourmap (LUT). Before saving it, it
attempts to verify that the colourmap is readable. In rare cases
where it isn't readable, a default colourmap is saved instead.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void vgaHWRestore(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn, vgaRegPtr restore, int flags);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function programs the VGA state. The state programmed is
that contained in the <structname>vgaRegRec</structname> pointed to by
<parameter>restore</parameter>. <parameter>flags</parameter> is the same
as described above for the <function>vgaHWSave()</function> function.
</para>
<para>
The <structname>vgaHWRec</structname> and its <structfield>IOBase</structfield> fields
must be initialised before this function is called. If
<constant>VGA_SR_FONTS</constant> is set in <parameter>flags</parameter>, the
VGA memory window must be mapped. If it isn't then
<function>vgaHWMapMem()</function> will be called to map it, and
<function>vgaHWUnmapMem()</function> will be called to unmap it
afterwards. <function>vgaHWRestore()</function> uses the three functions
below in the order <function>vgaHWRestoreFonts()</function>,
<function>vgaHWRestoreMode()</function>,
<function>vgaHWRestoreColormap()</function> to carry out the different
restore phases. It is undecided at this stage whether they will
remain part of the vgahw module's public interface or not.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void vgaHWRestoreMode(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn, vgaRegPtr restore);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function restores the VGA mode registers. They are restored
from the data in the <structname>vgaRegRec</structname> pointed to by
<parameter>restore</parameter>. The registers restored are:
<literallayout>
MiscOut
CRTC[0-0x18]
Attribute[0-0x14]
Graphics[0-8]
Sequencer[0-4]
</literallayout>
</para>
<para>
The number of registers actually restored may be modified by a prior call
to <function>vgaHWSetRegCounts()</function>.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void vgaHWRestoreFonts(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn, vgaRegPtr restore);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function restores the text mode font and text data to the
video memory. The VGA memory window must be mapped with
<function>vgaHWMapMem()</function> before to calling this function.
</para>
<para>
On some platforms, one or more of the font/text plane restores
may be no-ops. This is the case when the platform's VC driver
already takes care of this.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void vgaHWRestoreColormap(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn, vgaRegPtr restore);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function restores the VGA colourmap (LUT).
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void vgaHWInit(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn, DisplayModePtr mode);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function fills in the <structname>vgaHWRec</structname>'s
<structfield>ModeReg</structfield> field with the values appropriate for
programming the given video mode. It requires that the
<structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname>'s <structfield>depth</structfield> field is
initialised, which determines how the registers are programmed.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void vgaHWSeqReset(vgaHWPtr hwp, Bool start);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Do a VGA sequencer reset. If start is <constant>TRUE</constant>, the
reset is started. If start is <constant>FALSE</constant>, the reset
is ended.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void vgaHWProtect(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn, Bool on);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function protects VGA registers and memory from corruption
during loads. It is typically called with on set to
<constant>TRUE</constant> before programming, and with on set to
<constant>FALSE</constant> after programming.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
Bool vgaHWSaveScreen(ScreenPtr pScreen, int mode);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function blanks and unblanks the screen. It is blanked when
<parameter>mode</parameter> is <constant>SCREEN_SAVER_ON</constant> or
<constant>SCREEN_SAVER_CYCLE</constant>, and unblanked when
<parameter>mode</parameter> is <constant>SCREEN_SAVER_OFF</constant> or
<constant>SCREEN_SAVER_FORCER</constant>.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void vgaHWBlankScreen(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn, Bool on);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
This function blanks and unblanks the screen. It is blanked when
<parameter>on</parameter> is <constant>FALSE</constant>, and unblanked when
<parameter>on</parameter> is <constant>TRUE</constant>. This function is
provided for use in cases where the <structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname>
can't be derived from the <structname>ScreenRec</structname> (while probing
for clocks, for example).
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>VGA Colormap Functions</title>
<para>
The vgahw module uses the standard colormap support (see the
<link linkend="cmap">Colormap Handling</link> section. This is initialised
with the following function:
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
Bool vgaHWHandleColormaps(ScreenPtr pScreen);
</programlisting>
</para></blockquote>
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>VGA Register Access Functions</title>
<para>
The vgahw module abstracts access to the standard VGA registers by
using a set of functions held in the <structname>vgaHWRec</structname>. When
the <structname>vgaHWRec</structname> is created these function pointers are
initialised with the set of standard VGA I/O register access functions.
In addition to these, the vgahw module includes a basic set of MMIO
register access functions, and the <structname>vgaHWRec</structname> function
pointers can be initialised to these by calling the
<function>vgaHWSetMmioFuncs()</function> function described above. Some
drivers/platforms may require a different set of functions for VGA
access. The access functions are described here.
</para>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void writeCrtc(vgaHWPtr hwp, CARD8 index, CARD8 value);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Write <parameter>value</parameter> to CRTC register <parameter>index</parameter>.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
CARD8 readCrtc(vgaHWPtr hwp, CARD8 index);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Return the value read from CRTC register <parameter>index</parameter>.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void writeGr(vgaHWPtr hwp, CARD8 index, CARD8 value);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Write <parameter>value</parameter> to Graphics Controller register
<parameter>index</parameter>.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
CARD8 readGR(vgaHWPtr hwp, CARD8 index);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Return the value read from Graphics Controller register
<parameter>index</parameter>.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void writeSeq(vgaHWPtr hwp, CARD8 index, CARD8, value);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Write <parameter>value</parameter> to Sequencer register
<parameter>index</parameter>.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
CARD8 readSeq(vgaHWPtr hwp, CARD8 index);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Return the value read from Sequencer register <parameter>index</parameter>.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void writeAttr(vgaHWPtr hwp, CARD8 index, CARD8, value);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Write <parameter>value</parameter> to Attribute Controller register
<parameter>index</parameter>. When writing out the index value this
function should set bit 5 (<constant>0x20</constant>) according to the
setting of <structfield>hwp-&gt;paletteEnabled</structfield> in order to
preserve the palette access state. It should be cleared when
<structfield>hwp-&gt;paletteEnabled</structfield> is <constant>TRUE</constant>
and set when it is <constant>FALSE</constant>.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
CARD8 readAttr(vgaHWPtr hwp, CARD8 index);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Return the value read from Attribute Controller register
<parameter>index</parameter>. When writing out the index value this
function should set bit 5 (<constant>0x20</constant>) according to the
setting of <structfield>hwp-&gt;paletteEnabled</structfield> in order to
preserve the palette access state. It should be cleared when
<structfield>hwp-&gt;paletteEnabled</structfield> is <constant>TRUE</constant>
and set when it is <constant>FALSE</constant>.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void writeMiscOut(vgaHWPtr hwp, CARD8 value);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Write <quote><parameter>value</parameter></quote> to the Miscellaneous Output register.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
CARD8 readMiscOut(vgwHWPtr hwp);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Return the value read from the Miscellaneous Output register.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void enablePalette(vgaHWPtr hwp);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Clear the palette address source bit in the Attribute Controller
index register and set <literal remap="tt">hwp-&gt;paletteEnabled</literal> to
<constant>TRUE</constant>.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void disablePalette(vgaHWPtr hwp);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Set the palette address source bit in the Attribute Controller
index register and set <literal remap="tt">hwp-&gt;paletteEnabled</literal> to
<constant>FALSE</constant>.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void writeDacMask(vgaHWPtr hwp, CARD8 value);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Write <parameter>value</parameter> to the DAC Mask register.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
CARD8 readDacMask(vgaHWptr hwp);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Return the value read from the DAC Mask register.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void writeDacReadAddress(vgaHWPtr hwp, CARD8 value);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Write <parameter>value</parameter> to the DAC Read Address register.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void writeDacWriteAddress(vgaHWPtr hwp, CARD8 value);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Write <parameter>value</parameter> to the DAC Write Address register.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void writeDacData(vgaHWPtr hwp, CARD8 value);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Write <parameter>value</parameter> to the DAC Data register.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
CARD8 readDacData(vgaHWptr hwp);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Return the value read from the DAC Data register.
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
CARD8 readEnable(vgaHWptr hwp);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Return the value read from the VGA Enable register. (Note: This
function is present in XFree86 4.1.0 and later.)
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
<blockquote><para>
<programlisting>
void writeEnable(vgaHWPtr hwp, CARD8 value);
</programlisting>
<blockquote><para>
Write <parameter>value</parameter> to the VGA Enable register. (Note: This
function is present in XFree86 4.1.0 and later.)
</para>
</blockquote></para></blockquote>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="sample">
<title>Some notes about writing a driver</title>
<note><para>NOTE: some parts of this are not up to date</para></note>
<para>
The following is an outline for writing a basic unaccelerated driver
for a PCI video card with a linear mapped framebuffer, and which has a
VGA core. It is includes some general information that is relevant to
most drivers (even those which don't fit that basic description).
</para>
<para>
The information here is based on the initial conversion of the Matrox
Millennium driver to the <quote>new design</quote>. For a fleshing out and sample
implementation of some of the bits outlined here, refer to that driver.
Note that this is an example only. The approach used here will not be
appropriate for all drivers.
</para>
<para>
Each driver must reserve a unique driver name, and a string that is used
to prefix all of its externally visible symbols. This is to avoid name
space clashes when loading multiple drivers. The examples here are for
the <quote>ZZZ</quote> driver, which uses the <quote>ZZZ</quote> or <quote>zzz</quote> prefix for its externally
visible symbols.
</para>
<sect2>
<title>Include files</title>
<para>
All drivers normally include the following headers:
<literallayout><filename>
"xf86.h"
"xf86_OSproc.h"
"xf86_ansic.h"
"xf86Resources.h"
</filename></literallayout>
Wherever inb/outb (and related things) are used the following should be
included:
<literallayout><filename>
"compiler.h"
</filename></literallayout>
Note: in drivers, this must be included after <filename>"xf86_ansic.h"</filename>.
</para>
<para>
Drivers that need to access PCI vendor/device definitions need this:
<literallayout><filename>
"xf86PciInfo.h"
</filename></literallayout>
</para>
<para>
Drivers that need to access the PCI config space need this:
<literallayout><filename>
"xf86Pci.h"
</filename></literallayout>
</para>
<para>
Drivers using the mi banking wrapper need:
<literallayout><filename>
"mibank.h"
</filename></literallayout>
</para>
<para>
Drivers that initialise a SW cursor need this:
<literallayout><filename>
"mipointer.h"
</filename></literallayout>
</para>
<para>
All drivers using the mi colourmap code need this:
<literallayout><filename>
"micmap.h"
</filename></literallayout>
</para>
<para>
If a driver uses the vgahw module, it needs this:
<literallayout><filename>
"vgaHW.h"
</filename></literallayout>
</para>
<para>
Drivers supporting VGA or Hercules monochrome screens need:
<literallayout><filename>
"xf1bpp.h"
</filename></literallayout>
</para>
<para>
Drivers supporting VGA or EGC 16-colour screens need:
<literallayout><filename>
"xf4bpp.h"
</filename></literallayout>
</para>
<para>
Drivers using cfb need:
<programlisting>
#define PSZ 8
#include "cfb.h"
#undef PSZ
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
Drivers supporting bpp 16, 24 or 32 with cfb need one or more of:
<literallayout><filename>
"cfb16.h"
"cfb24.h"
"cfb32.h"
</filename></literallayout>
</para>
<para>
The driver's own header file:
<literallayout><filename>
"zzz.h"
</filename></literallayout>
</para>
<para>
Drivers must NOT include the following:
<literallayout><filename>
"xf86Priv.h"
"xf86Privstr.h"
"xf86_libc.h"
"xf86_OSlib.h"
"Xos.h"</filename>
any OS header
</literallayout>
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Data structures and initialisation</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>The following macros should be defined:
<programlisting>
#define VERSION &lt;version-as-an-int&gt;
#define ZZZ_NAME "ZZZ" /* the name used to prefix messages */
#define ZZZ_DRIVER_NAME "zzz" /* the driver name as used in config file */
#define ZZZ_MAJOR_VERSION &lt;int&gt;
#define ZZZ_MINOR_VERSION &lt;int&gt;
#define ZZZ_PATCHLEVEL &lt;int&gt;
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
NOTE: <constant>ZZZ_DRIVER_NAME</constant> should match the name of the
driver module without things like the "lib" prefix, the "_drv" suffix
or filename extensions.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
A DriverRec must be defined, which includes the functions required
at the pre-probe phase. The name of this DriverRec must be an
upper-case version of ZZZ_DRIVER_NAME (for the purposes of static
linking).
<programlisting>
DriverRec ZZZ = {
VERSION,
ZZZ_DRIVER_NAME,
ZZZIdentify,
ZZZProbe,
ZZZAvailableOptions,
NULL,
0
};
</programlisting>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Define list of supported chips and their matching ID:
<programlisting>
static SymTabRec ZZZChipsets[] = {
{ PCI_CHIP_ZZZ1234, "zzz1234a" },
{ PCI_CHIP_ZZZ5678, "zzz5678a" },
{ -1, NULL }
};
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
The token field may be any integer value that the driver may use to
uniquely identify the supported chipsets. For drivers that support
only PCI devices using the PCI device IDs might be a natural choice,
but this isn't mandatory. For drivers that support both PCI and other
devices (like ISA), some other ID should probably used. When other
IDs are used as the tokens it is recommended that the names be
defined as an <type>enum</type> type.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
If the driver uses the <function>xf86MatchPciInstances()</function>
helper (recommended for drivers that support PCI cards) a list that
maps PCI IDs to chip IDs and fixed resources must be defined:
<programlisting>
static PciChipsets ZZZPciChipsets[] = {
{ PCI_CHIP_ZZZ1234, PCI_CHIP_ZZZ1234, RES_SHARED_VGA },
{ PCI_CHIP_ZZZ5678, PCI_CHIP_ZZZ5678, RES_SHARED_VGA },
{ -1, -1, RES_UNDEFINED }
}
</programlisting>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Define the <structname>XF86ModuleVersionInfo</structname> struct for the
driver. This is required for the dynamically loaded version:
<programlisting>
static XF86ModuleVersionInfo zzzVersRec =
{
"zzz",
MODULEVENDORSTRING,
MODINFOSTRING1,
MODINFOSTRING2,
XF86_VERSION_CURRENT,
ZZZ_MAJOR_VERSION, ZZZ_MINOR_VERSION, ZZZ_PATCHLEVEL,
ABI_CLASS_VIDEODRV,
ABI_VIDEODRV_VERSION,
MOD_CLASS_VIDEODRV,
{0,0,0,0}
};
</programlisting>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Define a data structure to hold the driver's screen-specific data.
This must be used instead of global variables. This would be defined
in the <filename>"zzz.h"</filename> file, something like:
<programlisting>
typedef struct {
type1 field1;
type2 field2;
int fooHack;
Bool pciRetry;
Bool noAccel;
Bool hwCursor;
CloseScreenProcPtr CloseScreen;
OptionInfoPtr Options;
...
} ZZZRec, *ZZZPtr;
</programlisting>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Define the list of config file Options that the driver accepts. For
consistency between drivers those in the list of <quote>standard</quote> options
should be used where appropriate before inventing new options.
<programlisting>
typedef enum {
OPTION_FOO_HACK,
OPTION_PCI_RETRY,
OPTION_HW_CURSOR,
OPTION_NOACCEL
} ZZZOpts;
static const OptionInfoRec ZZZOptions[] = {
{ OPTION_FOO_HACK, "FooHack", OPTV_INTEGER, {0}, FALSE },
{ OPTION_PCI_RETRY, "PciRetry", OPTV_BOOLEAN, {0}, FALSE },
{ OPTION_HW_CURSOR, "HWcursor", OPTV_BOOLEAN, {0}, FALSE },
{ OPTION_NOACCEL, "NoAccel", OPTV_BOOLEAN, {0}, FALSE },
{ -1, NULL, OPTV_NONE, {0}, FALSE }
};
</programlisting>
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Functions</title>
<sect3>
<title>SetupProc</title>
<para>
For dynamically loaded modules, a <varname>ModuleData</varname>
variable is required. It is should be the name of the driver
prepended to "ModuleData". A <function>Setup()</function> function is
also required, which calls <function>xf86AddDriver()</function> to add
the driver to the main list of drivers.
</para>
<programlisting>
static MODULESETUPPROTO(zzzSetup);
XF86ModuleData zzzModuleData = { &amp;zzzVersRec, zzzSetup, NULL };
static pointer
zzzSetup(pointer module, pointer opts, int *errmaj, int *errmin)
{
static Bool setupDone = FALSE;
/* This module should be loaded only once, but check to be sure. */
if (!setupDone) {
/*
* Modules that this driver always requires may be loaded
* here by calling LoadSubModule().
*/
setupDone = TRUE;
xf86AddDriver(&amp;MGA, module, 0);
/*
* The return value must be non-NULL on success even though
* there is no TearDownProc.
*/
return (pointer)1;
} else {
if (errmaj) *errmaj = LDR_ONCEONLY;
return NULL;
}
}
</programlisting>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>GetRec, FreeRec</title>
<para>
A function is usually required to allocate the driver's
screen-specific data structure and hook it into the
<structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname>'s <structfield>driverPrivate</structfield> field.
The <structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname>'s <structfield>driverPrivate</structfield> is
initialised to <constant>NULL</constant>, so it is easy to check if the
initialisation has already been done. After allocating it, initialise
the fields. By using <function>xnfcalloc()</function> to do the allocation
it is zeroed, and if the allocation fails the server exits.
</para>
<para>
NOTE:
When allocating structures from inside the driver which are defined
on the common level it is important to initialize the structure to
zero.
Only this guarantees that the server remains source compatible to
future changes in common level structures.
</para>
<programlisting>
static Bool
ZZZGetRec(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn)
{
if (pScrn-&gt;driverPrivate != NULL)
return TRUE;
pScrn-&gt;driverPrivate = xnfcalloc(sizeof(ZZZRec), 1);
/* Initialise as required */
...
return TRUE;
}
</programlisting>
<para>
Define a macro in <filename>"zzz.h"</filename> which gets a pointer to
the <structname>ZZZRec</structname> when given <parameter>pScrn</parameter>:
<programlisting>
#define ZZZPTR(p) ((ZZZPtr)((p)-&gt;driverPrivate))
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
Define a function to free the above, setting it to <constant>NULL</constant>
once it has been freed:
<programlisting>
static void
ZZZFreeRec(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn)
{
if (pScrn-&gt;driverPrivate == NULL)
return;
xfree(pScrn-&gt;driverPrivate);
pScrn-&gt;driverPrivate = NULL;
}
</programlisting>
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Identify</title>
<para>
Define the <function>Identify()</function> function. It is run before
the Probe, and typically prints out an identifying message, which
might include the chipsets it supports. This function is mandatory:
<programlisting>
static void
ZZZIdentify(int flags)
{
xf86PrintChipsets(ZZZ_NAME, "driver for ZZZ Tech chipsets",
ZZZChipsets);
}
</programlisting>
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Probe</title>
<para>
Define the <function>Probe()</function> function. The purpose of this
is to find all instances of the hardware that the driver supports,
and for the ones not already claimed by another driver, claim the
slot, and allocate a <structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname>. This should be
a minimal probe, and it should under no circumstances leave the
state of the hardware changed. Because a device is found, don't
assume that it will be used. Don't do any initialisations other
than the required <structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname> initialisations.
Don't allocate any new data structures.
</para>
<para>
This function is mandatory.
</para>
<para>
NOTE: The <function>xf86DrvMsg()</function> functions cannot be used from
the Probe.
</para>
<programlisting>
static Bool
ZZZProbe(DriverPtr drv, int flags)
{
Bool foundScreen = FALSE;
int numDevSections, numUsed;
GDevPtr *devSections;
int *usedChips;
int i;
/*
* Find the config file Device sections that match this
* driver, and return if there are none.
*/
if ((numDevSections = xf86MatchDevice(ZZZ_DRIVER_NAME,
&amp;devSections)) &lt;= 0) {
return FALSE;
}
/*
* Since this is a PCI card, "probing" just amounts to checking
* the PCI data that the server has already collected. If there
* is none, return.
*
* Although the config file is allowed to override things, it
* is reasonable to not allow it to override the detection
* of no PCI video cards.
*
* The provided xf86MatchPciInstances() helper takes care of
* the details.
*/
/* test if PCI bus present */
if (xf86GetPciVideoInfo()) {
numUsed = xf86MatchPciInstances(ZZZ_NAME, PCI_VENDOR_ZZZ,
ZZZChipsets, ZZZPciChipsets, devSections,
numDevSections, drv, &amp;usedChips);
for (i = 0; i &lt; numUsed; i++) {
ScrnInfoPtr pScrn = NULL;
if ((pScrn = xf86ConfigPciEntity(pScrn, flags, usedChips[i],
ZZZPciChipsets, NULL, NULL,
NULL, NULL, NULL))) {
/* Allocate a ScrnInfoRec */
pScrn-&gt;driverVersion = VERSION;
pScrn-&gt;driverName = ZZZ_DRIVER_NAME;
pScrn-&gt;name = ZZZ_NAME;
pScrn-&gt;Probe = ZZZProbe;
pScrn-&gt;PreInit = ZZZPreInit;
pScrn-&gt;ScreenInit = ZZZScreenInit;
pScrn-&gt;SwitchMode = ZZZSwitchMode;
pScrn-&gt;AdjustFrame = ZZZAdjustFrame;
pScrn-&gt;EnterVT = ZZZEnterVT;
pScrn-&gt;LeaveVT = ZZZLeaveVT;
pScrn-&gt;FreeScreen = ZZZFreeScreen;
pScrn-&gt;ValidMode = ZZZValidMode;
foundScreen = TRUE;
/* add screen to entity */
}
}
xfree(usedChips);
}
xfree(devSections);
return foundScreen;
</programlisting>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>AvailableOptions</title>
<para>
Define the <function>AvailableOptions()</function> function. The purpose
of this is to return the available driver options back to the
-configure option, so that an xorg.conf file can be built and the
user can see which options are available for them to use.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>PreInit</title>
<para>
Define the <function>PreInit()</function> function. The purpose of
this is to find all the information required to determine if the
configuration is usable, and to initialise those parts of the
<structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname> that can be set once at the beginning
of the first server generation. The information should be found in
the least intrusive way possible.
</para>
<para>
This function is mandatory.
</para>
<para>
NOTES:
<orderedlist>
<listitem><para>
The <function>PreInit()</function> function is only called once
during the life of the X server (at the start of the first
generation).
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
Data allocated here must be of the type that persists for
the life of the X server. This means that data that hooks into
the <structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname>'s <structfield>privates</structfield>
field should be allocated here, but data that hooks into the
<structname>ScreenRec</structname>'s <structfield>devPrivates</structfield> field
should not be allocated here. The <structfield>driverPrivate</structfield>
field should also be allocated here.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
Although the <structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname> has been allocated
before this function is called, the <structname>ScreenRec</structname>
has not been allocated. That means that things requiring it
cannot be used in this function.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
Very little of the <structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname> has been
initialised when this function is called. It is important to
get the order of doing things right in this function.
</para></listitem>
</orderedlist>
</para>
<programlisting>
static Bool
ZZZPreInit(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn, int flags)
{
/* Fill in the monitor field */
pScrn-&gt;monitor = pScrn-&gt;confScreen-&gt;monitor;
/*
* If using the vgahw module, it will typically be loaded
* here by calling xf86LoadSubModule(pScrn, "vgahw");
*/
/*
* Set the depth/bpp. Use the globally preferred depth/bpp. If the
* driver has special default depth/bpp requirements, the defaults should
* be specified here explicitly.
* We support both 24bpp and 32bpp framebuffer layouts.
* This sets pScrn-&gt;display also.
*/
if (!xf86SetDepthBpp(pScrn, 0, 0, 0,
Support24bppFb | Support32bppFb)) {
return FALSE;
} else {
if (depth/bpp isn't one we support) {
print error message;
return FALSE;
}
}
/* Print out the depth/bpp that was set */
xf86PrintDepthBpp(pScrn);
/* Set bits per RGB for 8bpp */
if (pScrn-&gt;depth &lt;= 8) {
/* Take into account a dac_6_bit option here */
pScrn-&gt;rgbBits = 6 or 8;
}
/*
* xf86SetWeight() and xf86SetDefaultVisual() must be called
* after pScrn-&gt;display is initialised.
*/
/* Set weight/mask/offset for depth &gt; 8 */
if (pScrn-&gt;depth &gt; 8) {
if (!xf86SetWeight(pScrn, defaultWeight, defaultMask)) {
return FALSE;
} else {
if (weight isn't one we support) {
print error message;
return FALSE;
}
}
}
/* Set the default visual. */
if (!xf86SetDefaultVisual(pScrn, -1)) {
return FALSE;
} else {
if (visual isn't one we support) {
print error message;
return FALSE;
}
}
/* If the driver supports gamma correction, set the gamma. */
if (!xf86SetGamma(pScrn, default_gamma)) {
return FALSE;
}
/* This driver uses a programmable clock */
pScrn-&gt;progClock = TRUE;
/* Allocate the ZZZRec driverPrivate */
if (!ZZZGetRec(pScrn)) {
return FALSE;
}
pZzz = ZZZPTR(pScrn);
/* Collect all of the option flags (fill in pScrn-&gt;options) */
xf86CollectOptions(pScrn, NULL);
/*
* Process the options based on the information in ZZZOptions.
* The results are written to pZzz-&gt;Options. If all of the options
* processing is done within this function a local variable "options"
* can be used instead of pZzz-&gt;Options.
*/
if (!(pZzz-&gt;Options = xalloc(sizeof(ZZZOptions))))
return FALSE;
(void)memcpy(pZzz-&gt;Options, ZZZOptions, sizeof(ZZZOptions));
xf86ProcessOptions(pScrn-&gt;scrnIndex, pScrn-&gt;options, pZzz-&gt;Options);
/*
* Set various fields of ScrnInfoRec and/or ZZZRec based on
* the options found.
*/
from = X_DEFAULT;
pZzz-&gt;hwCursor = FALSE;
if (xf86IsOptionSet(pZzz-&gt;Options, OPTION_HW_CURSOR)) {
from = X_CONFIG;
pZzz-&gt;hwCursor = TRUE;
}
xf86DrvMsg(pScrn-&gt;scrnIndex, from, "Using %s cursor\n",
pZzz-&gt;hwCursor ? "HW" : "SW");
if (xf86IsOptionSet(pZzz-&gt;Options, OPTION_NOACCEL)) {
pZzz-&gt;noAccel = TRUE;
xf86DrvMsg(pScrn-&gt;scrnIndex, X_CONFIG,
"Acceleration disabled\n");
} else {
pZzz-&gt;noAccel = FALSE;
}
if (xf86IsOptionSet(pZzz-&gt;Options, OPTION_PCI_RETRY)) {
pZzz-&gt;UsePCIRetry = TRUE;
xf86DrvMsg(pScrn-&gt;scrnIndex, X_CONFIG, "PCI retry enabled\n");
}
pZzz-&gt;fooHack = 0;
if (xf86GetOptValInteger(pZzz-&gt;Options, OPTION_FOO_HACK,
&amp;pZzz-&gt;fooHack)) {
xf86DrvMsg(pScrn-&gt;scrnIndex, X_CONFIG, "Foo Hack set to %d\n",
pZzz-&gt;fooHack);
}
/*
* Find the PCI slot(s) that this screen claimed in the probe.
* In this case, exactly one is expected, so complain otherwise.
* Note in this case we're not interested in the card types so
* that parameter is set to NULL.
*/
if ((i = xf86GetPciInfoForScreen(pScrn-&gt;scrnIndex, &amp;pciList, NULL))
!= 1) {
print error message;
ZZZFreeRec(pScrn);
if (i &gt; 0)
xfree(pciList);
return FALSE;
}
/* Note that pciList should be freed below when no longer needed */
/*
* Determine the chipset, allowing config file chipset and
* chipid values to override the probed information. The config
* chipset value has precedence over its chipid value if both
* are present.
*
* It isn't necessary to fill in pScrn-&gt;chipset if the driver
* keeps track of the chipset in its ZZZRec.
*/
...
/*
* Determine video memory, fb base address, I/O addresses, etc,
* allowing the config file to override probed values.
*
* Set the appropriate pScrn fields (videoRam is probably the
* most important one that other code might require), and
* print out the settings.
*/
...
/* Initialise a clockRanges list. */
...
/* Set any other chipset specific things in the ZZZRec */
...
/* Select valid modes from those available */
i = xf86ValidateModes(pScrn, pScrn-&gt;monitor-&gt;Modes,
pScrn-&gt;display-&gt;modes, clockRanges,
NULL, minPitch, maxPitch, rounding,
minHeight, maxHeight,
pScrn-&gt;display-&gt;virtualX,
pScrn-&gt;display-&gt;virtualY,
pScrn-&gt;videoRam * 1024,
LOOKUP_BEST_REFRESH);
if (i == -1) {
ZZZFreeRec(pScrn);
return FALSE;
}
/* Prune the modes marked as invalid */
xf86PruneDriverModes(pScrn);
/* If no valid modes, return */
if (i == 0 || pScrn-&gt;modes == NULL) {
print error message;
ZZZFreeRec(pScrn);
return FALSE;
}
/*
* Initialise the CRTC fields for the modes. This driver expects
* vertical values to be halved for interlaced modes.
*/
xf86SetCrtcForModes(pScrn, INTERLACE_HALVE_V);
/* Set the current mode to the first in the list. */
pScrn-&gt;currentMode = pScrn-&gt;modes;
/* Print the list of modes being used. */
xf86PrintModes(pScrn);
/* Set the DPI */
xf86SetDpi(pScrn, 0, 0);
/* Load bpp-specific modules */
switch (pScrn-&gt;bitsPerPixel) {
case 1:
mod = "xf1bpp";
break;
case 4:
mod = "xf4bpp";
break;
case 8:
mod = "cfb";
break;
case 16:
mod = "cfb16";
break;
case 24:
mod = "cfb24";
break;
case 32:
mod = "cfb32";
break;
}
if (mod &amp;&amp; !xf86LoadSubModule(pScrn, mod))
ZZZFreeRec(pScrn);
return FALSE;
/* Done */
return TRUE;
}
</programlisting>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>MapMem, UnmapMem</title>
<para>
Define functions to map and unmap the video memory and any other
memory apertures required. These functions are not mandatory, but
it is often useful to have such functions.
</para>
<programlisting>
static Bool
ZZZMapMem(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn)
{
/* Call xf86MapPciMem() to map each PCI memory area */
...
return TRUE or FALSE;
}
static Bool
ZZZUnmapMem(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn)
{
/* Call xf86UnMapVidMem() to unmap each memory area */
...
return TRUE or FALSE;
}
</programlisting>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Save, Restore</title>
<para>
Define functions to save and restore the original video state. These
functions are not mandatory, but are often useful.
</para>
<programlisting>
static void
ZZZSave(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn)
{
/*
* Save state into per-screen data structures.
* If using the vgahw module, vgaHWSave will typically be
* called here.
*/
...
}
static void
ZZZRestore(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn)
{
/*
* Restore state from per-screen data structures.
* If using the vgahw module, vgaHWRestore will typically be
* called here.
*/
...
}
</programlisting>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>ModeInit</title>
<para>
Define a function to initialise a new video mode. This function isn't
mandatory, but is often useful.
</para>
<programlisting>
static Bool
ZZZModeInit(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn, DisplayModePtr mode)
{
/*
* Program a video mode. If using the vgahw module,
* vgaHWInit and vgaRestore will typically be called here.
* Once up to the point where there can't be a failure
* set pScrn-&gt;vtSema to TRUE.
*/
...
}
</programlisting>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>ScreenInit</title>
<para>
Define the <function>ScreenInit()</function> function. This is called
at the start of each server generation, and should fill in as much
of the <structname>ScreenRec</structname> as possible as well as any other
data that is initialised once per generation. It should initialise
the framebuffer layers it is using, and initialise the initial video
mode.
</para>
<para>
This function is mandatory.
</para>
<para>
NOTE: The <structname>ScreenRec</structname> (<parameter>pScreen</parameter>) is
passed to this driver, but it and the
<varname>ScrnInfoRecs</varname> are not yet hooked into each
other. This means that in this function, and functions it
calls, one cannot be found from the other.
</para>
<programlisting>
static Bool
ZZZScreenInit(ScreenPtr pScreen, int argc, char **argv)
{
/* Get the ScrnInfoRec */
pScrn = xf86ScreenToScrn(pScreen);
/*
* If using the vgahw module, its data structures and related
* things are typically initialised/mapped here.
*/
/* Save the current video state */
ZZZSave(pScrn);
/* Initialise the first mode */
ZZZModeInit(pScrn, pScrn-&gt;currentMode);
/* Set the viewport if supported */
ZZZAdjustFrame(pScrn, pScrn-&gt;frameX0, pScrn-&gt;frameY0);
/*
* Setup the screen's visuals, and initialise the framebuffer
* code.
*/
/* Reset the visual list */
miClearVisualTypes();
/*
* Setup the visuals supported. This driver only supports
* TrueColor for bpp &gt; 8, so the default set of visuals isn't
* acceptable. To deal with this, call miSetVisualTypes with
* the appropriate visual mask.
*/
if (pScrn-&gt;bitsPerPixel &gt; 8) {
if (!miSetVisualTypes(pScrn-&gt;depth, TrueColorMask,
pScrn-&gt;rgbBits, pScrn-&gt;defaultVisual))
return FALSE;
} else {
if (!miSetVisualTypes(pScrn-&gt;depth,
miGetDefaultVisualMask(pScrn-&gt;depth),
pScrn-&gt;rgbBits, pScrn-&gt;defaultVisual))
return FALSE;
}
/*
* Initialise the framebuffer.
*/
switch (pScrn-&gt;bitsPerPixel) {
case 1:
ret = xf1bppScreenInit(pScreen, FbBase,
pScrn-&gt;virtualX, pScrn-&gt;virtualY,
pScrn-&gt;xDpi, pScrn-&gt;yDpi,
pScrn-&gt;displayWidth);
break;
case 4:
ret = xf4bppScreenInit(pScreen, FbBase,
pScrn-&gt;virtualX, pScrn-&gt;virtualY,
pScrn-&gt;xDpi, pScrn-&gt;yDpi,
pScrn-&gt;displayWidth);
break;
case 8:
ret = cfbScreenInit(pScreen, FbBase,
pScrn-&gt;virtualX, pScrn-&gt;virtualY,
pScrn-&gt;xDpi, pScrn-&gt;yDpi,
pScrn-&gt;displayWidth);
break;
case 16:
ret = cfb16ScreenInit(pScreen, FbBase,
pScrn-&gt;virtualX, pScrn-&gt;virtualY,
pScrn-&gt;xDpi, pScrn-&gt;yDpi,
pScrn-&gt;displayWidth);
break;
case 24:
ret = cfb24ScreenInit(pScreen, FbBase,
pScrn-&gt;virtualX, pScrn-&gt;virtualY,
pScrn-&gt;xDpi, pScrn-&gt;yDpi,
pScrn-&gt;displayWidth);
break;
case 32:
ret = cfb32ScreenInit(pScreen, FbBase,
pScrn-&gt;virtualX, pScrn-&gt;virtualY,
pScrn-&gt;xDpi, pScrn-&gt;yDpi,
pScrn-&gt;displayWidth);
break;
default:
print a message about an internal error;
ret = FALSE;
break;
}
if (!ret)
return FALSE;
/* Override the default mask/offset settings */
if (pScrn-&gt;bitsPerPixel &gt; 8) {
for (i = 0, visual = pScreen-&gt;visuals;
i &lt; pScreen-&gt;numVisuals; i++, visual++) {
if ((visual-&gt;class | DynamicClass) == DirectColor) {
visual-&gt;offsetRed = pScrn-&gt;offset.red;
visual-&gt;offsetGreen = pScrn-&gt;offset.green;
visual-&gt;offsetBlue = pScrn-&gt;offset.blue;
visual-&gt;redMask = pScrn-&gt;mask.red;
visual-&gt;greenMask = pScrn-&gt;mask.green;
visual-&gt;blueMask = pScrn-&gt;mask.blue;
}
}
}
/*
* If banking is needed, initialise an miBankInfoRec (defined in
* "mibank.h"), and call miInitializeBanking().
*/
if (!miInitializeBanking(pScreen, pScrn-&gt;virtualX, pScrn-&gt;virtualY,
pScrn-&gt;displayWidth, pBankInfo))
return FALSE;
/*
* Set initial black &amp; white colourmap indices.
*/
xf86SetBlackWhitePixels(pScreen);
/*
* Install colourmap functions.
*/
...
/*
* Initialise cursor functions. This example is for the mi
* software cursor.
*/
miDCInitialize(pScreen, xf86GetPointerScreenFuncs());
/* Initialise the default colourmap */
switch (pScrn-&gt;depth) {
case 1:
if (!xf1bppCreateDefColormap(pScreen))
return FALSE;
break;
case 4:
if (!xf4bppCreateDefColormap(pScreen))
return FALSE;
break;
default:
if (!cfbCreateDefColormap(pScreen))
return FALSE;
break;
}
/*
* Wrap the CloseScreen vector and set SaveScreen.
*/
ZZZPTR(pScrn)-&gt;CloseScreen = pScreen-&gt;CloseScreen;
pScreen-&gt;CloseScreen = ZZZCloseScreen;
pScreen-&gt;SaveScreen = ZZZSaveScreen;
/* Report any unused options (only for the first generation) */
if (serverGeneration == 1) {
xf86ShowUnusedOptions(pScrn-&gt;scrnIndex, pScrn-&gt;options);
}
/* Done */
return TRUE;
}
</programlisting>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>SwitchMode</title>
<para>
Define the <function>SwitchMode()</function> function if mode switching
is supported by the driver.
</para>
<programlisting>
static Bool
ZZZSwitchMode(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn, DisplayModePtr mode)
{
return ZZZModeInit(pScrn, mode);
}
</programlisting>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>AdjustFrame</title>
<para>
Define the <function>AdjustFrame()</function> function if the driver
supports this.
</para>
<programlisting>
static void
ZZZAdjustFrame(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn, int x, int y)
{
/* Adjust the viewport */
}
</programlisting>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>EnterVT, LeaveVT</title>
<para>
Define the <function>EnterVT()</function> and <function>LeaveVT()</function>
functions.
</para>
<para>
These functions are mandatory.
</para>
<programlisting>
static Bool
ZZZEnterVT(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn)
{
return ZZZModeInit(pScrn, pScrn-&gt;currentMode);
}
static void
ZZZLeaveVT(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn)
{
ZZZRestore(pScrn);
}
</programlisting>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>CloseScreen</title>
<para>
Define the <function>CloseScreen()</function> function:
</para>
<para>
This function is mandatory. Note that it unwraps the previously
wrapped <structfield>pScreen-&gt;CloseScreen</structfield>, and finishes by
calling it.
</para>
<programlisting>
static Bool
ZZZCloseScreen(ScreenPtr pScreen)
{
ScrnInfoPtr pScrn = xf86ScreenToScrn(pScreen);
if (pScrn-&gt;vtSema) {
ZZZRestore(pScrn);
ZZZUnmapMem(pScrn);
}
pScrn-&gt;vtSema = FALSE;
pScreen-&gt;CloseScreen = ZZZPTR(pScrn)-&gt;CloseScreen;
return (*pScreen-&gt;CloseScreen)(pScreen);
}
</programlisting>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>SaveScreen</title>
<para>
Define the <function>SaveScreen()</function> function (the screen
blanking function). When using the vgahw module, this will typically
be:
<programlisting>
static Bool
ZZZSaveScreen(ScreenPtr pScreen, int mode)
{
return vgaHWSaveScreen(pScreen, mode);
}
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
This function is mandatory. Before modifying any hardware register
directly this function needs to make sure that the Xserver is active
by checking if <parameter>pScrn</parameter> is non-NULL and for
<literal remap="tt">pScrn-&gt;vtSema == TRUE</literal>.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>FreeScreen</title>
<para>
Define the <function>FreeScreen()</function> function. This function
is optional. It should be defined if the <structname>ScrnInfoRec</structname>
<structfield>driverPrivate</structfield> field is used so that it can be freed
when a screen is deleted by the common layer for reasons possibly
beyond the driver's control. This function is not used in during
normal (error free) operation. The per-generation data is freed by
the <function>CloseScreen()</function> function.
</para>
<programlisting>
static void
ZZZFreeScreen(ScrnInfoPtr pScrn)
{
/*
* If the vgahw module is used vgaHWFreeHWRec() would be called
* here.
*/
ZZZFreeRec(pScrn);
}
</programlisting>
</sect3>
</sect2>
</sect1>
</article>
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