793 lines
30 KiB
Plaintext
793 lines
30 KiB
Plaintext
.\" $Xorg: Xserver.man,v 1.4 2001/02/09 02:04:07 xorgcvs Exp $
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.\" $XdotOrg: xserver/xorg/doc/Xserver.man.pre,v 1.4 2005/12/23 20:11:12 alanc Exp $
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.\" Copyright 1984 - 1991, 1993, 1994, 1998 The Open Group
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.\"
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.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this software and its
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.\" documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided that
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.\" the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that
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.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting
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.\" documentation.
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.\"
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.\" The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
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.\" in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
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.\"
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.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
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.\" OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
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.\" MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
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.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE OPEN GROUP BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR
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.\" OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
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.\" ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
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.\" OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
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.\"
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.\" Except as contained in this notice, the name of The Open Group shall
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.\" not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or
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.\" other dealings in this Software without prior written authorization
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.\" from The Open Group.
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.\" $XFree86: xc/programs/Xserver/Xserver.man,v 3.31 2004/01/10 22:27:46 dawes Exp $
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.\" shorthand for double quote that works everywhere.
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.ds q \N'34'
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.TH XSERVER 1 __xorgversion__
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.SH NAME
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Xserver \- X Window System display server
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.B X
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[option ...]
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.I X
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is the generic name for the X Window System display server. It is
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frequently a link or a copy of the appropriate server binary for
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driving the most frequently used server on a given machine.
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.SH "STARTING THE SERVER"
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The X server is usually started from the X Display Manager program
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\fIxdm\fP(1) or a similar display manager program.
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This utility is run from the system boot files and takes care of keeping
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the server running, prompting for usernames and passwords, and starting up
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the user sessions.
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.PP
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Installations that run more than one window system may need to use the
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\fIxinit\fP(1) utility instead of a display manager. However, \fIxinit\fP is
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to be considered a tool for building startup scripts and is not
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intended for use by end users. Site administrators are \fBstrongly\fP
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urged to use a display manager, or build other interfaces for novice users.
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.PP
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The X server may also be started directly by the user, though this
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method is usually reserved for testing and is not recommended for
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normal operation. On some platforms, the user must have special
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permission to start the X server, often because access to certain
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devices (e.g. \fI/dev/mouse\fP) is restricted.
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.PP
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When the X server starts up, it typically takes over the display. If
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you are running on a workstation whose console is the display, you may
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not be able to log into the console while the server is running.
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.SH OPTIONS
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Many X servers have device-specific command line options. See the manual
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pages for the individual servers for more details; a list of
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server-specific manual pages is provided in the SEE ALSO section below.
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.PP
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All of the X servers accept the command line options described below.
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Some X servers may have alternative ways of providing the parameters
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described here, but the values provided via the command line options
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should override values specified via other mechanisms.
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.TP 8
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.B :\fIdisplaynumber\fP
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The X server runs as the given \fIdisplaynumber\fP, which by default is 0.
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If multiple X servers are to run simultaneously on a host, each must have
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a unique display number. See the DISPLAY
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NAMES section of the \fIX\fP(__miscmansuffix__) manual page to learn how to
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specify which display number clients should try to use.
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.TP 8
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.B \-a \fInumber\fP
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sets pointer acceleration (i.e. the ratio of how much is reported to how much
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the user actually moved the pointer).
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.TP 8
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.B \-ac
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disables host-based access control mechanisms. Enables access by any host,
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and permits any host to modify the access control list.
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Use with extreme caution.
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This option exists primarily for running test suites remotely.
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.TP 8
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.B \-audit \fIlevel\fP
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sets the audit trail level. The default level is 1, meaning only connection
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rejections are reported. Level 2 additionally reports all successful
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connections and disconnects. Level 4 enables messages from the
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SECURITY extension, if present, including generation and revocation of
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authorizations and violations of the security policy.
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Level 0 turns off the audit trail.
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Audit lines are sent as standard error output.
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.TP 8
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.B \-auth \fIauthorization-file\fP
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specifies a file which contains a collection of authorization records used
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to authenticate access. See also the \fIxdm\fP(1) and
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\fIXsecurity\fP(__miscmansuffix__) manual pages.
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.TP 8
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.B \-bs
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disables backing store support on all screens.
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.TP 8
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.B \-br
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sets the default root window to solid black instead of the standard root weave
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pattern.
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.TP 8
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.B \-c
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turns off key-click.
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.TP 8
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.B c \fIvolume\fP
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sets key-click volume (allowable range: 0-100).
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.TP 8
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.B \-cc \fIclass\fP
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sets the visual class for the root window of color screens.
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The class numbers are as specified in the X protocol.
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Not obeyed by all servers.
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.TP 8
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.B \-co \fIfilename\fP
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sets name of RGB color database. The default is
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.IR __projectroot__/share/X11/rgb .
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.ig
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.TP 8
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.B \-config \fIfilename\fP
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reads more options from the given file. Options in the file may be separated
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by newlines if desired. If a '#' character appears on a line, all characters
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between it and the next newline are ignored, providing a simple commenting
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facility. The \fB\-config\fP option itself may appear in the file.
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.BR NOTE :
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This option is disabled when the Xserver is run with an effective uid
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different from the user's real uid.
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..
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.TP 8
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.B \-core
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causes the server to generate a core dump on fatal errors.
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.TP 8
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.B \-deferglyphs \fIwhichfonts\fP
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specifies the types of fonts for which the server should attempt to use
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deferred glyph loading. \fIwhichfonts\fP can be all (all fonts),
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none (no fonts), or 16 (16 bit fonts only).
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.TP 8
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.B \-dpi \fIresolution\fP
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sets the resolution for all screens, in dots per inch.
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To be used when the server cannot determine the screen size(s) from the
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hardware.
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.TP 8
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.B dpms
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enables DPMS (display power management services), where supported. The
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default state is platform and configuration specific.
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.TP 8
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.B \-dpms
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disables DPMS (display power management services). The default state
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is platform and configuration specific.
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.TP 8
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.BI \-extension extensionName
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disables named extension. If an unknown extension name is specified,
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a list of accepted extension names is printed.
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.TP 8
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.BI \+extension extensionName
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enables named extension. If an unknown extension name is specified,
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a list of accepted extension names is printed.
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.TP 8
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.B \-f \fIvolume\fP
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sets feep (bell) volume (allowable range: 0-100).
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.TP 8
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.B \-fc \fIcursorFont\fP
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sets default cursor font.
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.TP 8
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.B \-fn \fIfont\fP
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sets the default font.
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.TP 8
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.B \-fp \fIfontPath\fP
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sets the search path for fonts. This path is a comma separated list
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of directories which the X server searches for font databases.
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See the FONTS section of this manual page for more information and the default
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list.
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.TP 8
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.B \-help
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prints a usage message.
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.TP 8
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.B \-I
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causes all remaining command line arguments to be ignored.
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.TP 8
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.B \-maxbigreqsize \fIsize\fP
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sets the maximum big request to
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.I size
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MB.
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.TP 8
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.B \-nolisten \fItrans-type\fP
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disables a transport type. For example, TCP/IP connections can be disabled
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with
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.BR "\-nolisten tcp" .
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This option may be issued multiple times to disable listening to different
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transport types.
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.TP 8
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.B \-noreset
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prevents a server reset when the last client connection is closed. This
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overrides a previous
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.B \-terminate
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command line option.
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.TP 8
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.B \-p \fIminutes\fP
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sets screen-saver pattern cycle time in minutes.
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.TP 8
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.B \-pn
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permits the server to continue running if it fails to establish all of
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its well-known sockets (connection points for clients), but
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establishes at least one. This option is set by default.
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.TP 8
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.B \-nopn
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causes the server to exit if it fails to establish all of its well-known
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sockets (connection points for clients).
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.TP 8
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.B \-r
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turns off auto-repeat.
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.TP 8
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.B r
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turns on auto-repeat.
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.TP 8
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.B \-s \fIminutes\fP
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sets screen-saver timeout time in minutes.
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.TP 8
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.B \-su
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disables save under support on all screens.
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.TP 8
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.B \-t \fInumber\fP
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sets pointer acceleration threshold in pixels (i.e. after how many pixels
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pointer acceleration should take effect).
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.TP 8
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.B \-terminate
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causes the server to terminate at server reset, instead of continuing to run.
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This overrides a previous
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.B \-noreset
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command line option.
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.TP 8
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.B \-to \fIseconds\fP
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sets default connection timeout in seconds.
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.TP 8
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.B \-tst
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disables all testing extensions (e.g., XTEST, XTrap, XTestExtension1, RECORD).
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.TP 8
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.B tty\fIxx\fP
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ignored, for servers started the ancient way (from init).
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.TP 8
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.B v
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sets video-off screen-saver preference.
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.TP 8
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.B \-v
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sets video-on screen-saver preference.
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.TP 8
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.B \-wm
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forces the default backing-store of all windows to be WhenMapped. This
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is a backdoor way of getting backing-store to apply to all windows.
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Although all mapped windows will have backing store, the backing store
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attribute value reported by the server for a window will be the last
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value established by a client. If it has never been set by a client,
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the server will report the default value, NotUseful. This behavior is
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required by the X protocol, which allows the server to exceed the
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client's backing store expectations but does not provide a way to tell
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the client that it is doing so.
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.TP 8
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.B \-wr
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sets the default root window to solid white instead of the standard root weave
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pattern.
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.TP 8
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.B \-x \fIextension\fP
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loads the specified extension at init.
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This is a no-op for most implementations.
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.TP 8
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.B [+-]xinerama
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enables(+) or disables(-) the XINERAMA extension. The default state is
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platform and configuration specific.
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.SH SERVER DEPENDENT OPTIONS
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Some X servers accept the following options:
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.TP 8
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.B \-ld \fIkilobytes\fP
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sets the data space limit of the server to the specified number of kilobytes.
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A value of zero makes the data size as large as possible. The default value
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of \-1 leaves the data space limit unchanged.
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.TP 8
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.B \-lf \fIfiles\fP
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sets the number-of-open-files limit of the server to the specified number.
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A value of zero makes the limit as large as possible. The default value
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of \-1 leaves the limit unchanged.
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.TP 8
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.B \-ls \fIkilobytes\fP
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sets the stack space limit of the server to the specified number of kilobytes.
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A value of zero makes the stack size as large as possible. The default value
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of \-1 leaves the stack space limit unchanged.
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.TP 8
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.B \-logo
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turns on the X Window System logo display in the screen-saver.
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There is currently no way to change this from a client.
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.TP 8
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.B nologo
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turns off the X Window System logo display in the screen-saver.
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There is currently no way to change this from a client.
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.TP 8
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.B \-render
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.BR default | mono | gray | color
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sets the color allocation policy that will be used by the render extension.
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.RS 8
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.TP 8
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.I default
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selects the default policy defined for the display depth of the X
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server.
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.TP 8
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.I mono
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don't use any color cell.
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.TP 8
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.I gray
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use a gray map of 13 color cells for the X render extension.
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.TP 8
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.I color
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use a color cube of at most 4*4*4 colors (that is 64 color cells).
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.RE
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.TP 8
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.B \-dumbSched
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disables smart scheduling on platforms that support the smart scheduler.
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.TP
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.B \-schedInterval \fIinterval\fP
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sets the smart scheduler's scheduling interval to
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.I interval
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milliseconds.
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.SH XDMCP OPTIONS
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X servers that support XDMCP have the following options.
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See the \fIX Display Manager Control Protocol\fP specification for more
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information.
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.TP 8
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.B \-query \fIhostname\fP
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enables XDMCP and sends Query packets to the specified
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.IR hostname .
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.TP 8
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.B \-broadcast
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enable XDMCP and broadcasts BroadcastQuery packets to the network. The
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first responding display manager will be chosen for the session.
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.TP 8
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.B \-multicast [\fIaddress\fP [\fIhop count\fP]]
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Enable XDMCP and multicast BroadcastQuery packets to the network.
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The first responding display manager is chosen for the session. If an
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address is specified, the multicast is sent to that address. If no
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address is specified, the multicast is sent to the default XDMCP IPv6
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multicast group. If a hop count is specified, it is used as the maximum
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hop count for the multicast. If no hop count is specified, the multicast
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is set to a maximum of 1 hop, to prevent the multicast from being routed
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beyond the local network.
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.TP 8
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.B \-indirect \fIhostname\fP
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enables XDMCP and send IndirectQuery packets to the specified
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.IR hostname .
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.TP 8
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.B \-port \fIport-number\fP
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uses the specified \fIport-number\fP for XDMCP packets, instead of the
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default. This option must be specified before any \-query, \-broadcast,
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\-multicast, or \-indirect options.
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.TP 8
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.B \-from \fIlocal-address\fP
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specifies the local address to connect from (useful if the connecting host
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has multiple network interfaces). The \fIlocal-address\fP may be expressed
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in any form acceptable to the host platform's \fIgethostbyname\fP(3)
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implementation.
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.TP 8
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.B \-once
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causes the server to terminate (rather than reset) when the XDMCP session
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ends.
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.TP 8
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.B \-class \fIdisplay-class\fP
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XDMCP has an additional display qualifier used in resource lookup for
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display-specific options. This option sets that value, by default it
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is "MIT-Unspecified" (not a very useful value).
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.TP 8
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.B \-cookie \fIxdm-auth-bits\fP
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When testing XDM-AUTHENTICATION-1, a private key is shared between the
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server and the manager. This option sets the value of that private
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data (not that it is very private, being on the command line!).
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.TP 8
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.B \-displayID \fIdisplay-id\fP
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Yet another XDMCP specific value, this one allows the display manager to
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identify each display so that it can locate the shared key.
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.SH XKEYBOARD OPTIONS
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X servers that support the XKEYBOARD (a.k.a. \*qXKB\*q) extension accept the
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following options. All layout files specified on the command line must be
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located in the XKB base directory or a subdirectory, and specified as the
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relative path from the XKB base directory. The default XKB base directory is
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.IR __projectroot__/lib/X11/xkb .
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.TP 8
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.B [+-]kb
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enables(+) or disables(-) the XKEYBOARD extension.
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.TP 8
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.BR [+-]accessx " [ \fItimeout\fP [ \fItimeout_mask\fP [ \fIfeedback\fP [ \fIoptions_mask\fP ] ] ] ]"
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enables(+) or disables(-) AccessX key sequences.
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.TP 8
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.B \-xkbdir \fIdirectory\fP
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base directory for keyboard layout files. This option is not available
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for setuid X servers (i.e., when the X server's real and effective uids
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are different).
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.TP 8
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.B \-ardelay \fImilliseconds\fP
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sets the autorepeat delay (length of time in milliseconds that a key must
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be depressed before autorepeat starts).
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.TP 8
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.B \-arinterval \fImilliseconds\fP
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sets the autorepeat interval (length of time in milliseconds that should
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elapse between autorepeat-generated keystrokes).
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.TP 8
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.B \-xkbmap \fIfilename\fP
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loads keyboard description in \fIfilename\fP on server startup.
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.SH SECURITY EXTENSION OPTIONS
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X servers that support the SECURITY extension accept the following option:
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.TP 8
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.B \-sp \fIfilename\fP
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causes the server to attempt to read and interpret filename as a security
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policy file with the format described below. The file is read at server
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startup and reread at each server reset.
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.PP
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The syntax of the security policy file is as follows.
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Notation: "*" means zero or more occurrences of the preceding element,
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and "+" means one or more occurrences. To interpret <foo/bar>, ignore
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the text after the /; it is used to distinguish between instances of
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<foo> in the next section.
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.PP
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.nf
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<policy file> ::= <version line> <other line>*
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<version line> ::= <string/v> '\en'
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<other line > ::= <comment> | <access rule> | <site policy> | <blank line>
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<comment> ::= # <not newline>* '\en'
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<blank line> ::= <space> '\en'
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<site policy> ::= sitepolicy <string/sp> '\en'
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<access rule> ::= property <property/ar> <window> <perms> '\en'
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<property> ::= <string>
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<window> ::= any | root | <required property>
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<required property> ::= <property/rp> | <property with value>
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<property with value> ::= <property/rpv> = <string/rv>
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<perms> ::= [ <operation> | <action> | <space> ]*
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<operation> ::= r | w | d
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<action> ::= a | i | e
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<string> ::= <dbl quoted string> | <single quoted string> | <unquoted string>
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<dbl quoted string> ::= <space> " <not dqoute>* " <space>
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<single quoted string> ::= <space> ' <not squote>* ' <space>
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<unquoted string> ::= <space> <not space>+ <space>
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<space> ::= [ ' ' | '\et' ]*
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Character sets:
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<not newline> ::= any character except '\en'
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<not dqoute> ::= any character except "
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<not squote> ::= any character except '
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<not space> ::= any character except those in <space>
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.fi
|
|
.PP
|
|
The semantics associated with the above syntax are as follows.
|
|
.PP
|
|
<version line>, the first line in the file, specifies the file format
|
|
version. If the server does not recognize the version <string/v>, it
|
|
ignores the rest of the file. The version string for the file format
|
|
described here is "version-1" .
|
|
.PP
|
|
Once past the <version line>, lines that do not match the above syntax
|
|
are ignored.
|
|
.PP
|
|
<comment> lines are ignored.
|
|
.PP
|
|
<sitepolicy> lines are currently ignored. They are intended to
|
|
specify the site policies used by the XC-QUERY-SECURITY-1
|
|
authorization method.
|
|
.PP
|
|
<access rule> lines specify how the server should react to untrusted
|
|
client requests that affect the X Window property named <property/ar>.
|
|
The rest of this section describes the interpretation of an
|
|
<access rule>.
|
|
.PP
|
|
For an <access rule> to apply to a given instance of <property/ar>,
|
|
<property/ar> must be on a window that is in the set of windows
|
|
specified by <window>. If <window> is any, the rule applies to
|
|
<property/ar> on any window. If <window> is root, the rule applies to
|
|
<property/ar> only on root windows.
|
|
.PP
|
|
If <window> is <required property>, the following apply. If <required
|
|
property> is a <property/rp>, the rule applies when the window also
|
|
has that <property/rp>, regardless of its value. If <required
|
|
property> is a <property with value>, <property/rpv> must also have
|
|
the value specified by <string/rv>. In this case, the property must
|
|
have type STRING and format 8, and should contain one or more
|
|
null-terminated strings. If any of the strings match <string/rv>, the
|
|
rule applies.
|
|
.PP
|
|
The definition of string matching is simple case-sensitive string
|
|
comparison with one elaboration: the occurrence of the character '*' in
|
|
<string/rv> is a wildcard meaning "any string." A <string/rv> can
|
|
contain multiple wildcards anywhere in the string. For example, "x*"
|
|
matches strings that begin with x, "*x" matches strings that end with
|
|
x, "*x*" matches strings containing x, and "x*y*" matches strings that
|
|
start with x and subsequently contain y.
|
|
.PP
|
|
There may be multiple <access rule> lines for a given <property/ar>.
|
|
The rules are tested in the order that they appear in the file. The
|
|
first rule that applies is used.
|
|
.PP
|
|
<perms> specify operations that untrusted clients may attempt, and
|
|
the actions that the server should take in response to those operations.
|
|
.PP
|
|
<operation> can be r (read), w (write), or d (delete). The following
|
|
table shows how X Protocol property requests map to these operations
|
|
in The Open Group server implementation.
|
|
.PP
|
|
.nf
|
|
GetProperty r, or r and d if delete = True
|
|
ChangeProperty w
|
|
RotateProperties r and w
|
|
DeleteProperty d
|
|
ListProperties none, untrusted clients can always list all properties
|
|
.fi
|
|
.PP
|
|
<action> can be a (allow), i (ignore), or e (error). Allow means
|
|
execute the request as if it had been issued by a trusted client.
|
|
Ignore means treat the request as a no-op. In the case of
|
|
GetProperty, ignore means return an empty property value if the
|
|
property exists, regardless of its actual value. Error means do not
|
|
execute the request and return a BadAtom error with the atom set to
|
|
the property name. Error is the default action for all properties,
|
|
including those not listed in the security policy file.
|
|
.PP
|
|
An <action> applies to all <operation>s that follow it, until the next
|
|
<action> is encountered. Thus, irwad means ignore read and write,
|
|
allow delete.
|
|
.PP
|
|
GetProperty and RotateProperties may do multiple operations (r and d,
|
|
or r and w). If different actions apply to the operations, the most
|
|
severe action is applied to the whole request; there is no partial
|
|
request execution. The severity ordering is: allow < ignore < error.
|
|
Thus, if the <perms> for a property are ired (ignore read, error
|
|
delete), and an untrusted client attempts GetProperty on that property
|
|
with delete = True, an error is returned, but the property value is
|
|
not. Similarly, if any of the properties in a RotateProperties do not
|
|
allow both read and write, an error is returned without changing any
|
|
property values.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Here is an example security policy file.
|
|
.PP
|
|
.ta 3i 4i
|
|
.nf
|
|
version-1
|
|
|
|
XCOMM Allow reading of application resources, but not writing.
|
|
property RESOURCE_MANAGER root ar iw
|
|
property SCREEN_RESOURCES root ar iw
|
|
|
|
XCOMM Ignore attempts to use cut buffers. Giving errors causes apps to crash,
|
|
XCOMM and allowing access may give away too much information.
|
|
property CUT_BUFFER0 root irw
|
|
property CUT_BUFFER1 root irw
|
|
property CUT_BUFFER2 root irw
|
|
property CUT_BUFFER3 root irw
|
|
property CUT_BUFFER4 root irw
|
|
property CUT_BUFFER5 root irw
|
|
property CUT_BUFFER6 root irw
|
|
property CUT_BUFFER7 root irw
|
|
|
|
XCOMM If you are using Motif, you probably want these.
|
|
property _MOTIF_DEFAULT_BINDINGS root ar iw
|
|
property _MOTIF_DRAG_WINDOW root ar iw
|
|
property _MOTIF_DRAG_TARGETS any ar iw
|
|
property _MOTIF_DRAG_ATOMS any ar iw
|
|
property _MOTIF_DRAG_ATOM_PAIRS any ar iw
|
|
|
|
XCOMM The next two rules let xwininfo -tree work when untrusted.
|
|
property WM_NAME any ar
|
|
|
|
XCOMM Allow read of WM_CLASS, but only for windows with WM_NAME.
|
|
XCOMM This might be more restrictive than necessary, but demonstrates
|
|
XCOMM the <required property> facility, and is also an attempt to
|
|
XCOMM say "top level windows only."
|
|
property WM_CLASS WM_NAME ar
|
|
|
|
XCOMM These next three let xlsclients work untrusted. Think carefully
|
|
XCOMM before including these; giving away the client machine name and command
|
|
XCOMM may be exposing too much.
|
|
property WM_STATE WM_NAME ar
|
|
property WM_CLIENT_MACHINE WM_NAME ar
|
|
property WM_COMMAND WM_NAME ar
|
|
|
|
XCOMM To let untrusted clients use the standard colormaps created by
|
|
XCOMM xstdcmap, include these lines.
|
|
property RGB_DEFAULT_MAP root ar
|
|
property RGB_BEST_MAP root ar
|
|
property RGB_RED_MAP root ar
|
|
property RGB_GREEN_MAP root ar
|
|
property RGB_BLUE_MAP root ar
|
|
property RGB_GRAY_MAP root ar
|
|
|
|
XCOMM To let untrusted clients use the color management database created
|
|
XCOMM by xcmsdb, include these lines.
|
|
property XDCCC_LINEAR_RGB_CORRECTION root ar
|
|
property XDCCC_LINEAR_RGB_MATRICES root ar
|
|
property XDCCC_GRAY_SCREENWHITEPOINT root ar
|
|
property XDCCC_GRAY_CORRECTION root ar
|
|
|
|
XCOMM To let untrusted clients use the overlay visuals that many vendors
|
|
XCOMM support, include this line.
|
|
property SERVER_OVERLAY_VISUALS root ar
|
|
|
|
XCOMM Dumb examples to show other capabilities.
|
|
|
|
XCOMM oddball property names and explicit specification of error conditions
|
|
property "property with spaces" 'property with "' aw er ed
|
|
|
|
XCOMM Allow deletion of Woo-Hoo if window also has property OhBoy with value
|
|
XCOMM ending in "son". Reads and writes will cause an error.
|
|
property Woo-Hoo OhBoy = "*son" ad
|
|
|
|
.fi
|
|
.SH "NETWORK CONNECTIONS"
|
|
The X server supports client connections via a platform-dependent subset of
|
|
the following transport types: TCP\/IP, Unix Domain sockets, DECnet,
|
|
and several varieties of SVR4 local connections. See the DISPLAY
|
|
NAMES section of the \fIX\fP(__miscmansuffix__) manual page to learn how to
|
|
specify which transport type clients should try to use.
|
|
.SH GRANTING ACCESS
|
|
The X server implements a platform-dependent subset of the following
|
|
authorization protocols: MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1, XDM-AUTHORIZATION-1,
|
|
XDM-AUTHORIZATION-2, SUN-DES-1, and MIT-KERBEROS-5. See the
|
|
\fIXsecurity\fP(__miscmansuffix__) manual page for information on the
|
|
operation of these protocols.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Authorization data required by the above protocols is passed to the
|
|
server in a private file named with the \fB\-auth\fP command line
|
|
option. Each time the server is about to accept the first connection
|
|
after a reset (or when the server is starting), it reads this file.
|
|
If this file contains any authorization records, the local host is not
|
|
automatically allowed access to the server, and only clients which
|
|
send one of the authorization records contained in the file in the
|
|
connection setup information will be allowed access. See the
|
|
\fIXau\fP manual page for a description of the binary format of this
|
|
file. See \fIxauth\fP(1) for maintenance of this file, and distribution
|
|
of its contents to remote hosts.
|
|
.PP
|
|
The X server also uses a host-based access control list for deciding
|
|
whether or not to accept connections from clients on a particular machine.
|
|
If no other authorization mechanism is being used,
|
|
this list initially consists of the host on which the server is running as
|
|
well as any machines listed in the file \fI/etc/X\fBn\fI.hosts\fR, where
|
|
\fBn\fP is the display number of the server. Each line of the file should
|
|
contain either an Internet hostname (e.g. expo.lcs.mit.edu) or a DECnet
|
|
hostname in double colon format (e.g. hydra::) or a complete name in the format
|
|
\fIfamily\fP:\fIname\fP as described in the \fIxhost\fP(1) manual page.
|
|
There should be no leading or trailing spaces on any lines. For example:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.in +8
|
|
.nf
|
|
joesworkstation
|
|
corporate.company.com
|
|
star::
|
|
inet:bigcpu
|
|
local:
|
|
.fi
|
|
.in -8
|
|
.PP
|
|
Users can add or remove hosts from this list and enable or disable access
|
|
control using the \fIxhost\fP command from the same machine as the server.
|
|
.PP
|
|
If the X FireWall Proxy (\fIxfwp\fP) is being used without a sitepolicy,
|
|
host-based authorization must be turned on for clients to be able to
|
|
connect to the X server via the \fIxfwp\fP. If \fIxfwp\fP is run without
|
|
a configuration file and thus no sitepolicy is defined, if \fIxfwp\fP
|
|
is using an X server where xhost + has been run to turn off host-based
|
|
authorization checks, when a client tries to connect to this X server
|
|
via \fIxfwp\fP, the X server will deny the connection. See \fIxfwp\fP(1)
|
|
for more information about this proxy.
|
|
.PP
|
|
The X protocol intrinsically does not have any notion of window operation
|
|
permissions or place any restrictions on what a client can do; if a program can
|
|
connect to a display, it has full run of the screen.
|
|
X servers that support the SECURITY extension fare better because clients
|
|
can be designated untrusted via the authorization they use to connect; see
|
|
the \fIxauth\fP(1) manual page for details. Restrictions are imposed
|
|
on untrusted clients that curtail the mischief they can do. See the SECURITY
|
|
extension specification for a complete list of these restrictions.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Sites that have better
|
|
authentication and authorization systems might wish to make
|
|
use of the hooks in the libraries and the server to provide additional
|
|
security models.
|
|
.SH SIGNALS
|
|
The X server attaches special meaning to the following signals:
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
.I SIGHUP
|
|
This signal causes the server to close all existing connections, free all
|
|
resources, and restore all defaults. It is sent by the display manager
|
|
whenever the main user's main application (usually an \fIxterm\fP or window
|
|
manager) exits to force the server to clean up and prepare for the next
|
|
user.
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
.I SIGTERM
|
|
This signal causes the server to exit cleanly.
|
|
.TP 8
|
|
.I SIGUSR1
|
|
This signal is used quite differently from either of the above. When the
|
|
server starts, it checks to see if it has inherited SIGUSR1 as SIG_IGN
|
|
instead of the usual SIG_DFL. In this case, the server sends a SIGUSR1 to
|
|
its parent process after it has set up the various connection schemes.
|
|
\fIXdm\fP uses this feature to recognize when connecting to the server
|
|
is possible.
|
|
.SH FONTS
|
|
The X server
|
|
can obtain fonts from directories and/or from font servers.
|
|
The list of directories and font servers
|
|
the X server uses when trying to open a font is controlled
|
|
by the \fIfont path\fP.
|
|
.LP
|
|
The default font path is
|
|
__default_font_path__ .
|
|
.LP
|
|
The font path can be set with the \fB\-fp\fP option or by \fIxset\fP(1)
|
|
after the server has started.
|
|
.SH FILES
|
|
.TP 30
|
|
.I /etc/X\fBn\fP.hosts
|
|
Initial access control list for display number \fBn\fP
|
|
.TP 30
|
|
.IR __projectroot__/lib/X11/fonts/misc , __projectroot__/lib/X11/fonts/75dpi , __projectroot__/lib/X11/fonts/100dpi
|
|
Bitmap font directories
|
|
.TP 30
|
|
.IR __projectroot__/lib/X11/fonts/TTF , __projectroot__/lib/X11/fonts/Type1
|
|
Outline font directories
|
|
.TP 30
|
|
.I __projectroot__/share/X11/rgb.txt
|
|
Color database
|
|
.TP 30
|
|
.I /tmp/.X11-unix/X\fBn\fP
|
|
Unix domain socket for display number \fBn\fP
|
|
.TP 30
|
|
.IR /tmp/rcX\fBn\fP
|
|
Kerberos 5 replay cache for display number \fBn\fP
|
|
.TP 30
|
|
.I /usr/adm/X\fBn\fPmsgs
|
|
Error log file for display number \fBn\fP if run from \fIinit\fP(__adminmansuffix__)
|
|
.TP 30
|
|
.I __projectroot__/lib/X11/xdm/xdm-errors
|
|
Default error log file if the server is run from \fIxdm\fP(1)
|
|
.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
|
General information: \fIX\fP(__miscmansuffix__)
|
|
.PP
|
|
Protocols:
|
|
.I "X Window System Protocol,"
|
|
.I "The X Font Service Protocol,"
|
|
.I "X Display Manager Control Protocol"
|
|
.PP
|
|
Fonts: \fIbdftopcf\fP(1), \fImkfontdir\fP(1), \fImkfontscale\fP(1),
|
|
\fIxfs\fP(1), \fIxlsfonts\fP(1), \fIxfontsel\fP(1), \fIxfd\fP(1),
|
|
.I "X Logical Font Description Conventions"
|
|
.PP
|
|
Security: \fIXsecurity\fP(__miscmansuffix__), \fIxauth\fP(1), \fIXau\fP(1),
|
|
\fIxdm\fP(1), \fIxhost\fP(1), \fIxfwp\fP(1),
|
|
.I "Security Extension Specification"
|
|
.PP
|
|
Starting the server: \fIxdm\fP(1), \fIxinit\fP(1)
|
|
.PP
|
|
Controlling the server once started: \fIxset\fP(1), \fIxsetroot\fP(1),
|
|
\fIxhost\fP(1)
|
|
.PP
|
|
Server-specific man pages:
|
|
\fIXorg\fP(1), \fIXdmx\fP(1), \fIXnest\fP(1),
|
|
\fIXvfb\fP(1), \fIXDarwin\fP(1), \fIXWin\fP(1).
|
|
.PP
|
|
Server internal documentation:
|
|
.I "Definition of the Porting Layer for the X v11 Sample Server"
|
|
.SH AUTHORS
|
|
The sample server was originally written by Susan Angebranndt, Raymond
|
|
Drewry, Philip Karlton, and Todd Newman, from Digital Equipment
|
|
Corporation, with support from a large cast. It has since been
|
|
extensively rewritten by Keith Packard and Bob Scheifler, from MIT.
|
|
Dave Wiggins took over post-R5 and made substantial improvements.
|